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王迈迈老师出版的《王迈迈四级大讲堂》和《王迈迈四级英语辅导大全》专门为广大四级考生量身定做的四级考试辅导书，并分别配有语音磁带，同时也适合不同程度的英语学习者使用。
语音部分：由于语音部分较大，我们将它分割成3个部分，您可以有选择性的进行收听：
1.第一部分：听力短文的命题与分析
2.第二部分：复合式听写的命题与分析
3.第三部分：听力试题实战讲解
文字部分：请对照文字部分进行收听
大家好，这里是“王迈迈四级考前辅导”，今天是第二讲，我们将继续上一讲，谈谈短文听力命题趋势与特点和复合式听写
短文是听力测试中最原始、最常用的题型。短文部分的字数一般在200词左右，涉及的题材广泛，包括文化、教育、卫生、风土人情、历史、地理、法律、宗教、艺术、科普知识、人物传记、幽默等。短文理解主要是测试明示信息、捕捉重要信息、理解隐含信息、辨认细节
、判断事实及文体的能力。常见的问题主要有以下几种：
What's the main idea/topic of the passage?
What's the passage mainly about?
What do we know about?
What is the best/suitable title for the passage?
Which of the following is true/not true, according to the speaker?
Which of the following is/not mentioned?
What is the most appropriate word to replace the word ...?
What can you infer from the passage?
What's the authors attitude toward ...?
从体裁上来说，一般分为记叙文、说明文和议论文。
记叙文
在记叙文中，常考的有幽默有趣的故事、英美国家著名人物传记等。在这一部分中，幽默故事一般都是一些非常短小、非常流行的小故事，字数大都在100字左右，而且这样的故事以一般人物的有趣事件或名人轶事为主线。而所问的问题一般都是关于这个故事的时间、地点、人物、原因、数据等，有时也会涉及到对其中一些关键语句意思的理解。因此，在听有关故事的材料时，重点应该放在5W（When，Where，Who，What，Why）和1个H（How）上。
说明文
说明文在听力短文部分应用也比较广泛，主要有两类：一是英美国家的背景知识；另一类是通俗的科普性文章。英美国家的背景知识主要包括自然景观、风土人情、各项设施及服务、教育、影视、体育以及其它重要事件。由于这是一般介绍，所以问题多以客观形式出现，需要注意时间，情节的细节和顺序。考生在听这种叙述性比较强的短文时，要注意其主要话题以及相关的细节。
议论文
议论文的话题主要涉及到文化教育、妇女解放、民族问题、环境污染、交通等，通过一篇议论文，作者常对某一个社会问题进行分析和研究从而表达自己的观点，由于要表达作者的观点，问题既有主观的，也有客观的，回答这类问题时常需要做一定的推理分析。
根据上面所讲的，我们给大家四点短文听力解题建议：
首先要预览所给的测试项目，预测短文的内容。
要留心短文开头和结尾的句子，它们通常是文章的中心或作者的观点，抓住它们，文章的中心也就明晰了。
边听边记录。
由于短文听力是多种能力的综合测试，所以考生平时要熟悉基本语音知识及常用词汇、语法等基础知识；扩大知识面，多读各种题材的文章；训练分析、推理、判断、综合的能力。
下面让我们抓紧时间进入我们的第二个话题，那就是复合式听写命题分析与预测：
复合式听写题对非英语专业的学生来说是比较陌生的一种题型。在这个部分，你将听到一篇文章三次，当听第一遍的时候，你要仔细听并抓住主要内容；在听第二遍的时候，要求你用所听到的单词来填S1到S7空；而对于S8到S10，你可以用原话，也可以用自己的话来补上空缺的信息；最后，当你听第三遍的时候，你应该检查所写的是否正确。
它不仅考查学生听的能力而且考查学生的词汇量、语法、拼写、语音、理解、记笔记以及记忆等能力。由于听写是一种涉及到多种因素的积极主动的学习过程，它把表达与接受融为一体，所以广大考生都认为这部分的分数比较难拿，特别是后面的三个空，大部分学生一般都拿不到这几分的。我们建议：只有通过大量的练习，才能提高我们的记忆和语感，以及锻炼我们集中注意力的能力。
复合式听写的要求与建议：
从这道题的题目要求我们可以看出这十个空可以分为两大类：第1到第7个空是用所听到的原词来填；第8到第10个空一般很难记下所有的单词，则可以用自己的话来补充所漏掉的信息。而且，这篇文章朗读的第一次是按正常语速，考生应集中注意力听明白文章的大意。由于文章大部分的文字都已经打印在试卷上，这些卷面文字也给了一定的信息，这样考生应该充分利用卷面上的信息，边听边看，并把重点放在空格部分，并且有针对性地记住S1到S7中的几个空，这样在填空的时候就不会惊慌失措。抓住了短文的大意会帮助我们对所需填的单词、短语和句子有一个更准确的了解；第二遍朗读的时候是按意群来停顿的，考生应充分利用这有限的停顿迅速填上所缺的单词。当碰到有些单词太长或者自己拿不准其拼写形式时,考生可以只写前缀或者前半部分，这样的话，在听完之后再找足够的时间去考虑正确的拼写。
大家应该注意的是，该部分所要求填的词大都是常见的四级范围之内的词，因此，我们不用担心这些词你不认识。第三次朗读的速度也是正常速度，考生要把注意力全集中在那10个空上。针对这十个空中所填的信息，考生要有重点地检查并纠正，例如时态、拼写、单复数和一些常见的其它语法错误。
复合式听写部分五大技巧：
这个部分主要考核的是考生听的能力以及书面表达能力。做此部分时要注意以下几点：
在播放Directions部分时，快速浏览现有的材料，对所听的短文有一个大致的了解，力争把握篇章大意。
在Directions部分快要结束的时候，及时将注意力转回文章开头，做好听写准备。
听第一遍录音时，重点在于理解全文，而不要急于动笔。正确的做法是：一边听录音，一边看文字材料，重点在空格部分，力争听懂空格处是一个短语还是一个句子，为第二遍听录音、写内容打好基础。
听第二遍录音时，考生应利用空格后的停顿时间，以最快的速度记录下来。
第三遍录音提供了一次检查修改的机会。
实战演习与讲解：
Passage One
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you've just heard.
11.
A. He hasn't got enough money.
B. He can't lead an independent life at home.
C. His mother has been out of a job for a long time.
D. His mother doesn't like him.
12.
A. It is big.
B. It is small.
C. It is poor.
D. It is quiet.
13.
A. His mother would ask too many questions.
B. His mother would feel very angry.
C. He is too young to bring a girl home.
D. The girl is too short tempered.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you've just heard.
14.
A. 90 hours.
B. 86 hours.
C. 84 hours.
D. 96 hours.
15.
A. They felt the time for sleeping was too short.
B. They were too excited to have a good rest.
C. They felt time passed too slowly.
D. They were too hungry to fall asleep.
16.
A. Because the nights were longer than the days.
B. Because they felt sleepier at night than in the daytime.
C. Because they could not have hot food or drinks.
D. Because there were nobody cheering them up.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17.
A. Property owned by a group of people.
B. Privately owned property.
C. Government owned property.
D. People's joint effort to share and protect natural resources.
18.
A. Because it is financed by the government.
B. Because the rules are in accordance with the traditional values.
C. Because people are forced by the government to obey the rules.
D. Because people are told the importance to protect the environment.
19.
A. Limiting the amount of fish to be caught.
B. forbidding the killing of wild animals.
C. Controlling land area.
D. Protecting irrigation water.
20.
A. People in some developing countries have realized that the world's resources are limited.
B. People in developed countries do not care much about common property.
C. Laws have to be passed to protect natural resources.
D. Developing countries are short of resources.
以下为录音稿，仅供参考：
Passage One
I don't know what to do about my mother. She is always criticizing me … the way I dress, the way I speak or look … I can't even read a book without her interrupting me to ask what it's about and tell me whether I should be reading it or not, and why. And of course every moment of my time away from her has to be accounted for … I try to tell her to stop interfering with my life, but it doesn't seem to help. And I've no one to advise me, my father is dead and I have no brothers or sisters. It's not as if my mother has any worries; we're fairly well off and she doesn't have to work,only do
the housekeeping. I've now met a wonderful girl who I want to see a lot of, but I'm afraid to bring her to the house when she meets my mother, she won't want to see me any more. I'm nineteen years old.
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. What is the speaker complaining about?
12. What do you know of the speaker's family?
13. Why is the speaker afraid to bring his girl friend home?
Passage Two
Recently a group of 17 year old schoolboys decided to beat the world basketball time record. They are to play for 90 hours and add 6 hours to the record. How could 18 boys play for almost 4 days without stopping? The boys decided thateach person would play for two and a half hours and then rest for two hours. They had to be able to sleep near the basketball hall, and they needed hot food and drink, day and night. Finally they started at 6 o' clock one evening.
The first night was very hard for the players. When it was their turn to rest, they were too excited to fall asleep at once. After sleeping for a short time, they had to play again. The nights were very long, when nobody was watching. The days were better, because plenty of people cheered the players' efforts. On the second night they fell asleep as soon as they stopped. Some of them had trouble with their hands and feet, but the only serious problem was a mental one. Each boy was thinking: What am I doing here? How can I play any longer? After the thirdnight the players knew they could finish the 90 hours. On the fourth night the play was very slow, but in the final hours it got better. For the last few minutes the players looked as fresh as when they started, They were tired, but very happy.
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you've just heard.
14. What was the world basketball time record before the boys' match?
15. In what sense was the first night very hard for them?
16. Why was it difficult for the boys to pass the nights?
Passage Three
Scientists in many developing nations are studying a way to protect and control the use of forests, fishing water, grasslands and other resources. They call the system "common property". It means that people join together to share and protect the resources. Scientists say that increased population is damaging the world resources. Too many trees are cut; grasslands and croplands are destroyed. Too many fish are taken from the fishing area. There are two traditional ways to deal with this situation. One is publicthe government agency decides who may use the resources and when; or the property can be privatethe owner decides how to protect the resources. Experts say these two methods often are not effective, however. They believe there is a third possibility that is neither completely governmental nor completely private. It is communal or joint control of the resources.
Scientists know that this idea of common property is not new. The system has been believed successful for a long time by groups in many countries. In South Asia, some villagers have governing systems to protect everyone's right to irrigation water. In part of Certral Africa, there are traditional rules that banned the killing of some wild animals. Farmers in Syria have a system to share grasslands and fisherman in Turkey have a system to make sure no one takes too many fish.
Scientists say such systems usually were developed by small groups to deal with limited problems. Rules are simple and the enforcement is based on traditional value and ways of doing things. Scientists believe such systems also would be effective in other situations. They are studying how it might produce more cookingrules for people in Indian villages. The scientific group in Costa Rica is studying common property to control land area. And a government group in Zimbabweis studying the system to protect wild animals. Scientists do not say the common property system will solve all resource needs in developing nations, buy they believe it provides one important way to deal with the probelm.
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you've just heard.
17. What is common property according to the passage?
18. Why has the system been effective?
19. Which of the following is NOT cited as a successful example of the system?
20. What can be inferred from the passage?
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