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阅读理解技巧
阅读理解技巧(一)
主题思想常见提问方式及答题策略
主题思想题的设题目的在于考查考生对文章的主题、标题、中心思想的理解程度以及区别主要信息和次要信息的能力。常见的提问方式有:
(1) What is the main idea of the passage?
(2) What is the passage mainly about?
(3) What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
(4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
(5) The passage could be entitled____.
(6) Which of the following best summarizes the author’s opinion?
当试题提问的是文章主题时,要把注意力放在主要信息上。通常的办法是①快速阅读文章,找出各段主题句。把各段主题句联起来,一般即得出文章主题。②分析备选答案,正确答案与干扰项之间有较明显的差别。一般而言,干扰项相对前者内容更具体,或者较片面或者过于笼统。
阅读理解技巧(二)
综合推断性试题常见提问方式及答题策略
综合推断题主要考查考生读出字里行间含义的能力([WTBX]to read between the lines)。常见的提问方式有:
(1) It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
(2) The passage imply that ____.
(3) According to the author, what does the passage suggest?
(4) The report seems to include that ____.
(5) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(6) Why does the author mention…?
(7) We can conclude from the passage that ____.
综合推断性试题不能从文章中直接找到答案。解答这类题时需要考生在正确理解原文字面意义的基础上,运用逻辑推理的方法作出总结性的判断。值得注意的是:①依据原文,避免主观臆测。②把握文章基调,排除明显不可能的选项。③关注文章中与问题相关的语句,包括背景知识和常识。④注意作者语气、褒贬、可能性大小、修饰词的程度等。
阅读理解技巧(三)
针对作者的观点、写作目的和态度常见提问方式及解题策略
这类试题测试考生综合分析和归纳的能力。常见的提问方式有:
(1) What is the author’s opinion about…?
(2) What does the author think about…?
(3) Which of the following is the author’s veiw on…?
(4) The author’s tone in this passage is ____.
(5) The purpose of the author in writing this passage is ____.
(6) What is the author’s overall attitude toward…?
阅读过程中要特别注意:①推敲有关作者感情、态度和观点方面的词汇,这些词汇有助于弄清
文章表达的语气。②选项里常有下列词汇来判断作者的观点态度:
Sympathetic 同情的 optimistic 乐观的
critical 批评的 pessimistic 悲观的
doubtful 怀疑的 disappointed 失望的
objective 客观的 neutral 中立的
enthusiastic 热情的 humorous 幽默的
friendly 友好的 advisory 劝告的
indifferent 冷淡的 sarcastic 讽刺的
阅读理解技巧(四)
细节判断题的设题方式及答题策略
这类题目要求考生依据某一细节进行合理地推论。主要是针对论证支持主题的事实/例证设题,可能涉及数字计算,概念理解,是非判断等。这类题型可归纳为五个“wh”型(即回答what, why, when, where, who的问题)。常用的形式多种多样,如:
(1) Which of the following words can best describe…?
(2) It can be concluded from…’s remarks that____.
(3) How many…?
(4) Why…?
(5) Which of the following statements is TRUE?
(6) According to the passage, all of the following are true EXCEPT____.
解答这类题时,应注意以下几点:①审题是关键,看懂问题再作答案。如…is true或…is NOT true等;②依据题干涉及的细节,找到出处,再对比选项作出回答;③在主要事实或细节的语言下面做标记,可节省大量时间。
阅读理解技巧(五)
词汇与语义类常见设题方式及解答策略
该类题型主要考查考生在语篇水平上正确理解词、短语或句子的能力。出题对象一般为文中的关键词语,如:生词、多义词、复杂句式等。提问方式常见的有:
(1) The word“…”most probably means/refers to____.
(2) The word “…” could best be replaced by which of the following?
(3) According to the passage, the phrase “…” means ____.
(4) By “…”, the author means ____.
(5) The word “…” stands for _____.
解答这类题型时,有以下几个原则:①辨别词义时,根据上下文的暗示和逻辑关系进行猜测。②做语义转述题时,应首先分析句子结构,再根据文章主旨或段落主题来理解语句含义。③做语义指代题时,可根据替代词(it, they, them等,有时也可以是名词)的就近原则,顺藤摸瓜,理清句意,找出相关成分,检查判断是否合乎逻辑。
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