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一 阅读技巧
(一）略读
略读又被称为“浏览”，其主要目的就是把握全文的大意，包括文章的中心思想，以及从几个方面来说明和论述这一中心思想。在略读的过程中，考生应该把重点放在文章的首段和尾段，对中间的几段，只需读第一句话，快速浏览句子中的关键词语，完全可以把文章的细节忽略不计。略读技巧主要用来解决有关文章主旨、中心和标题的问题。从所花费的时间来看，最好一篇文章的略读不要超过1-2分钟，同时通过略读，也为解决后面的细节问题做好了准备。
（二）寻读
与略读相比，寻读并不要求考生了解通篇的中心内容，只需通过搜寻以了解某一特定的细节，例如：数字、人物、原因、年代、方式等。这种方法主要用于回答文后的五个问题，特别是其中有关细节的问题。其主要目的是通过寻读，能够使考生迅速地从文章中准确地找到某个问题的答案出处，然后仔细研读该部分，并从试卷上所给出的四个选项中找出准确的答案。
（三）略读与寻读的先后顺序
结合四级考试中阅读理解时间有限这一特点，考生最好是先寻读而后略读，即先读后面的五个问题，然后带着这些问题去用寻读的方法在文章中找答案。做完细节问题之后，再来略读文章以掌握其主旨来对付剩下的有关文章中心思想的问题。这种方法的优点是快速、直接、阅读时目的性比较强。但是，由于在做题目之前没有全局观念，并不能够借助中心内容的把握来判断选项的对错。所以，在做完有关主题思想的问题之后，考生最好能够再检查一下有关细节问题。
避免不良的阅读习惯
在有效的阅读过程中，眼球的快速接收活动和大脑的紧张处理活动应是同时进行的，而其它的一切活动都是多余的，因为它们或多或少地总会干扰阅读的质量和速度。因此，在四级阅读理解考试中，考生应尽量避免以下这些不良的阅读习惯：1).阅读时头转来转去；2).阅读时一个单词一个单词地读；3).阅读时有出声的习惯；4).阅读时喜欢用手指或者笔在所读的句子下划线的习惯；5).阅读的过程中总喜欢回头来重复读过的内容；6).读的过程中，一遇到生词就不知所措；7).读的过程中总喜欢把句子翻译成汉语来理解。
正确的阅读方法应该是按语义单位来理解，所以有经验的读者总是把双眼的注视点不是放在某一个单词上，而是集中在词与词之间连成的一个具有特定意义的较大的语言单位上。这样做，读者可以一边读一边理解，速度就明显地加快了。
同步训练
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
While traveling abroad,Mr.Jackson Frank ran short of money.So he wrote to his brother,asking for $500.“Send the money by telegram,”he wrote,“to the Fisher Bank in P...”
After a week he began calling at the Fisher Bank.He showed his passport.“Nothing has come for you,”he was told.This went on for two weeks and Mr.Frank got very worried.He sent a telegram to his brother,asking where the money was.There was no reply,and no money arrived for him.
In the fourth week Mr.Frank was arrested for failing to pay his hotel bill.His passport was taken from him.He tried to explain the problem,but no one believed him.He was sent to prison for six days.
When he came out,he went immediately to the Fisher bank.The clerk he spoke to was a new man.“Have you received $500 for me?”he ask,“My name is Jackson Frank.”
The clerk checked his books.“Yes,Jackson,it’s here.It came by telegram.——let me see——oh,more than two months ago.We wondered where you were.”He showed Mr.Frank the order.The order read:“Pay Mr.Frank Jackson the sum of $500...”
“But my name is Jackson Frank,not Frank Jackson.”
“Oh,that’s all right,sir.It was in our books under the letter‘J’,but it’s your money.”The clerk laughed,“A human mistake,sir!We’re all human beings,aren’t we?And so we all make mistakes.A family name like Frank sounds strange to me.”
Mr Frank was silent.He really wanted to hit somebody.At last he said,“A human mistake——is that what you call it?I think some humans need kicking.”
21.Jackson didn’t just go to his brother and get some money because ___.
A)he was afraid to see his brother
B)he was in prison and was not allowed to go anywhere
C)he was traveling in a foreign country and was far from his brother
D)he knew that his brother had no money
22. A week after he had written to his brother,Jackson began ___.
A)telephoning the bank
B)visiting the bank
C)shouting at the clerks of the bank
D)explaining his problem to the clerks of the bank
23. Jackson was arrested and sent to prison because ___.
A)his brother hadn’t sent him any money and he couldn’t pay his hotel bill
B)he had spent almost all his money and couldn’t pay his hotel bill
C)he had lost all his money and couldn’t pay his hotel bill
D)his brother hadn’t sent him as much money as he asked for and he couldn’t pay his hotel bill
24. Which of the following statements is true? ___.
A)The money did not reach the Fisher Bank.
B)The money reached the wrong bank.
C)The money reached the bank after he was arrested.
D)The money reached the bank before he was arrested.
25. The clerks put his name under the wrong letter ___.
A)through carelessness.
B)because they were human beings
C)because he had a strange name
D)by pronouncing his name incorrectly
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
To most Africans,tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to one’s ethnic group.It is a force that can be both good and bad.By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family.It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group.To give a job to a fellow tribesman is not wrong;it is an obligation.Similarly,for a politician or military leader it is considered good common sense to choose his closest adviser from people of his own tribe.This ensures security,continuity, authority.Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion—from sergeant to captain,from clerk to manager—within a very short time.
Modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions.Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in day-to-day African life.As evidence of tribalism,in 1977 in Kenya,president Jomo Kenyatta’s tribe controlled business and politics.Eight of the 21 cabinet posts,including the most important four were filled by Kikuyus.In Uganda in the same year,the president’s small Kakwa tribe filled almost all the highest government and military positions!In Agola,Ethiopia,and Nigeria,the fighting in the past ten years can be partly explained by disagreements among tribes.
26. What is the definition of tribalism?
A)Sharing among members of the extended family.
B)Giving a job to a fellow tribesman.
C)A force that can be both good and bad.
D)People have the same religious belief.
27. One example of how a tribe takes care of its own people is ___.
A)“a force that can be both good and bad”
B)“very strong loyalty to one’s ethnic group”
C)“tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion”
D)it is important to be loyal to one’s own tribal group
28. In paragraph 2,“the most important four” refers to ___.
A)military position B)business
C)cabinet posts ___ D)Kikuyus
29. How many examples are there“as evidence of tribalism”?
A)Four. B)Two.
C)One. D)Three.
30. According to the passage,which of the following statements is wrong?
A)Modern African politicians approve of tribal divisions.
B)A person is usually taken care of by his own tribe.
C)Africans consider it an obligation to give a job to a fellow tribesman.
D)Tribalism is still a powerful force in day-to-day African life.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
No one loves the mosquito.But unfortunately the mosquito may decide that she loves you.She...?Yes, she.... Did you know that only the female mosquito bites?Well,it’s true.And it’s not because she is unfriendly;she needs blood to reproduce.But why?Why did nature botherto create mosquitoes?Just to annoy us?Probably that wasn’t the main reason. Male mosquitoes live on the nectar of flowers,and some scientists believe that they pollinate the flowers as they fly from one to the other.Of course,mosquitoes have to reproduce,and unfortunately that’s where you and I come in.Like it or not,mosquitoes are here to stay.Ouch!(Slap!)One just bit me!
31. In paragraph 1,“no one loves the mosquito,”one refers to ___.
A)female mosquito B)mosquito C)somewhere D)person
32. Why is “she” written in italics?
A)Because it is a short question. B)For emphasis.
C)For no special reason. D)For alarming.
33. Paragraph 2 says “unfortunately that’s where you and I come in.”Why is it unfortunate?
A)Because mosquitoes will bite us to get some blood.
B)Because mosquitoes have to reproduce.
C)Because mosquitoes are here to stay.
D)Because mosquitoes are unfriendly.
34. According to paragraph 2,“Ouch!(Slap!)”what happened?
A)A mosquito dropped into the writer’s cup.
B)A mosquito slapped the writer and flew away.
C)A mosquito flew away and the writer hit himself.
D)A mosquito bit the writer,and the writer hit her.
35. “Like it or not,mosquitoes are here to stay.”Like it or not can be explained as ___.
A)it doesn’t matter if we get bitten by mosquitoes
B)it doesn’t matter whether we like the situation or not
C)it doesn’t matter whether mosquitoes like the stuation or not
D)it doesn’t matter whether female or male mosquitoes bite us
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
When a new movement in Art attains a certain vogue,it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at,for,however far-fetched and unreasonable their contents may seem today,it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.With regard to Futurist poetry,however,the case is rather difficult,for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This,in brief,is what the Futurist says for a century,past conditions of life have been continually speeding up,till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed.Consequently,our feelings,thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.This speeding up of life,says the Futurist,requires a new form of expressions.We must speed up our literature too,if we want to interpret modern stress.We must pour out a cataract of essential words,unhampered by stops,or qualifying adjectives,or finite verbs.Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them;we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page,and shorten or lengthen words at will.
Certainly their descriptions of battles are vividly chaotic.But it is a little disconcerting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river——and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling are the weights of the officers.“Pluff!Pulff!A hundred and eighty five kilograms.”
This,though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry can hardly be classed as Literature.All the same,no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.The whole question is really this:how we essentially changed?
36. The main idea of this selections is best expressed as ___.
A)The Past versus the future
B)Changes in modern Life
C)Merits of the Futurist movement
D)An evaluation of Futurist poetry
37. When novel ideas appear,it is desirable,according to the writer,to ___.
A)discover the aims of their adherents
B)ignore them
C)follow the fashion
D)regard them as normal
38. The Futurists claim that we must ___.
A)increase the production of literature
B)look to the future
C)develop new literary forms
D)avoid unusual words
39. The writer believes that Futurist poetry is ___.
A)too emotional
B)too new in type to be acceptable
C)not literature as he knows it
D)essential to basic change in the nature mankind
40. The futurist poet uses all the following devices EXCEPT ___.
A)imitative words
B)qualifying adjectives
C)different colored inks
D)a stream of essential words
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