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Test Two
1
If the salinity(含盐量)of ocean waters is analyzed,it is found to vary only slightly from place to place.Nevertheless,some of these small changes are important.There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity.One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapour.In this manner,the salinity is increased,since the salts stay behind.If this is carried to the extreme,of course,white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way,is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation(降水),such as rain,by which water is added to the ocean.Here the ocean is being diluted(冲淡)so that the salinity is decreased.This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions whererivers flow into the ocean.Thus salinity may be increased by the substraction of the water by evaporation,or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
Normally,in tropical regions where the sun is very strong,the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation.Similarly,in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea,salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice.When seawater is frozen,the dissolved materials are left behind.In this manner,seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared.Of course,when this ice melts,it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea,of America,the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process,which increases the salinity of cold water.This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
1. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity except ____.
A.runoff B.evaporation C.melting D.precipitation
2. The salinity of the oceanic water is generally higher in ____.
A.tropical areas B.coastal regions
C.turbulent areas D.rainy regions
3. The Weddell Sea is mentioned in the passage to ____.
A.give an example of coldwater salinity
B.point out the location of deep waters
C.compare Antarctic waters with Arctic waters
D.indicate that this body of water has salinity variations
4. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE,according to the passage?
A.Various factors combine to cause variations in the salinity of water.
B.As a result of the formation of ocean ice water salinity decreases.
C.The salinity of the water near the bottom of the oceans is relatively high.
D.In coastal areas the ocean is diluted by rivers.
5. The major points discussed in the passage is ____.
A.the subtraction of water
B.the conversion of liquid water to water vapour
C.the salinity of ocean water
D.the effect of precipitation on the salinity of ocean water
2
T he cat has probably been associated with Man since it was first given a place by his fire in return for keeping the cave dwelling free of rats and mice.The relationship between the cat and Man has not been constant,however.Man’s attitude has ranged through indifference and neglect to the extremes of persecution(残害) and worship.
The Egyptians had great faith in the power of a living cat to protect them from both natural and supernatural evils.They made small ornaments and charms representing cats and the various cat deities(神性).These decorated their homes and were buried with them to ensure that the soul of the dead person was protected on it’s perilous journey through the hostile spirit world.
Pious Egyptians always mummified their cats and had them buried with almost as much reverence(尊严) as if they were human beings.At the end of the last century,a cat cemetery was discovered near the site of the ancient city of Bubastis.
Here literally hundreds of thousands of little cat mummies were found ranged neatly on shelves. Some were stolen,some destroyed,and antique dealers sold many to tourists.Thousands were left.
The ancient Jews believed that when a religious person who had reached a high degree of sanctity died,his soul entered the body of a cat and remained there until the cat itself died a natural death.Only then could it enter Paradise.
Exactly the same belief existed in Burma and Thailand until comparatively recently,and beautiful sacred cats were kept in great luxury in the temples.When a member of the royal house of Siam died,his favorite cat was buried alive with him but a small opening was always left for its escape.When the cat emerged,the priests knew that the prince’s soul had safely entered its feline(似猫的)host,and the cat was ceremonially sent to the Temple.At the crowning of the young King of Siam in 1926,a white cat was carried by a court official in the procession to the Throne Room.The old King’s soul was resting in this cat,and his faithful former courtiers knew that he would want to be present at the crowning of his successor.
6. Man’s attitude towards cats has been ____.
A.constantly hostile throughout the ages
B.friendly
C.through many changes
D.negligent from time immemorial
7. The word“perilous”in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 most probably means ____.
A.dangerous B. long C.boring D.pleasant
8. Ancient Egyptians buried catlike ornaments with them for the reason that ____.
A.they had blind worship of cats
B.they had natural inclination to persecute cats
C.they hoped to be under the cat’s protection against all evils
D.cats were their pets
9. The ancient Jews held the belief that ____.
A.good cats could enter paradise after they died a natural death
B.a good man’s soul was protected by a cat
C.a holy person’s soul entered a cat’s body after his death
D.man had to believe religion
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