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试卷一
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) （点击右键“另存为”可下载语音）
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example:You will hear:
You will read:A) At the office. B) In the waiting room.
C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) “ At the office ” is the best answer. You should choose on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer ［ A ］［ B ］ ［ C ］ ［ D ］
1. A) A math teacher and his colleague.
B) A teacher and his student.
C) A librarian and a student.
D) A student and his classmate.
2. A) Tony thought the experiment was well done.
B) Tony finished the experiment last night.
C) Tony could not continue the experiment.
D) Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.
3. A) She wants to save money to buy a piano.
B) The present apartment is too expensive.
C) She can ' t put up with the noise.
D) She has found a job in a neighbouring area.
4. A) He has made great progress in his English.
B) He is not very interested in English songs.
C) He is a student of the music department.
D) He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.
5. A) In a car.
B) On the street.
C) In a restaurant.
D) At home.
6. A) His injury kept him at home.
B) He was too weak to see the doctor.
C) He didn ' t think it necessary.
D) He failed to make an appointment.
7. A) 5:10B) 5 ： 00C) 4 ： 30D) 5 ： 15
8. A) The man is talking with his boss.
B) The man needs help.
C) The man is complaining.
D) The man likes his job.
9. A) Wear a new dress.
B) Attend a party.
C) Go shopping.
D) Make a silk dress.
10. A) He exaggerated his part.
B) He played his part quite well.
C) He was not dramatic enough.
D) He performed better than the secretary.
Section B Compound Dictation
注意：听力理解的 B 节 (Section B) 为复合式听写 (Compound Dictation) ，题目在试卷二上，现在请取出试卷二。
Part Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
People living on part of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem,the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.
Erosion ( 侵蚀 ) of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.
Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundres of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England . You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.
11. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?
A) The rising of the sea level.
B) The experts ' lack of knowledge.
C) The washing away of limestone cliffs.
D) The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens.
12. The erosion of the white cliffs in the south of England ____.
A) will soon become a problem for people living in central England
B) has now become a threat to the local residents
C) can be stopped if proper measures are taken
D) is quickly changing the map of England
13. The experts study on the problem of erosion to ____.
A) warn people whose homes are in danger
B) provide an effective way to slow it down
C) help to its eventual solution
D) lead to its eventual solution
14. It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion because ____.
A) house agents along the coast do not support the idea
B) it is too costly and will endanger neighboring areas
C) the government is too slow in taking action
D) they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents
15. According to the author, when buying a house along the south coast of England , people should ____.
A) take the quality of the house into consideration
B) guard against being cheated by the house agent
C) examine the house carefully before making a decision
D) be aware of the potential danger involved
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress or young athletes ( 运动员 ). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all time, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents ' and coaches ' criticisms to heart and find a flaw ( 缺陷 ) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today ' s youth sport setting. Young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters ' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
16. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ____.
A) to reduce their mental stress
B) to increase their sense of success
C) to make sports less competitive
D) to make sports more challenging
17. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that ____.
A) it can help them learn more about society
B) it enables them to find flaws in themselves
C) it can provide them with valuable experiences
D) it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
18. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ____.
A) believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B) without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence
C) in order to make them remember life ' s lessons
D) so as to put more pressure on them
19. According to the passage parents and coaches should ____.
A) pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B) help children to win every game
C) train children to cope with stress
D) enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
20. The author ' s purpose in writing the passage is ____.
A) to teach young athletes how to aviod burnout
B) to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C) to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children
D) to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement
Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts ( 干旱 ) are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water supplies. Since the world ' s population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water crisis.
But that doesn ' t have to be the outcome. Water shortages do not have to trouble the world — if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to appreciate petroleum more after the 1970s oil crises, today we must start looking at water from a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free resource of which we can use as much as we like in any way we want.Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more economically and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation ( 灌溉 ) water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions ( 凹地 ) and pumping it to nearby cropland. No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread control among hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch various aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy.
21. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?
A) Only half of the world ' s water can be used.
B) The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C) Half of the world ' s water resources have been seriously polluted.
D) Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
22. As indicated in the passage, the water problem ____.
A) is already serious in certain parts of the world
B) has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C) poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D) is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
23. According to the author, the water price should ____.
A) be reduced to the minimum
B) stimulate domestic demand
C) correspond to its real value
D) take into account the occurrences of droughts
24. The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to ____.
A) build big lakes to store water
B) construct big pumping stations
C) build small and cheap irrigation systems
D) channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
25. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to ____.
A) guarantee full protection of the environment
B) centralize the management of water resources
C) increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levels
D) encourage local and regional water resources
Passage Four
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee. When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as “ regular ” coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance (introduction stage). At one point, though, Instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brands were introduced (stage of rapid growth). After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off (stage of maturity). Sales went into a slight decline ( 衰退 ) when freeze-dried coffees were introduced (stage of decline).
The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?
Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens. A marketer may re position the product to appeal to new market sections.
Another product extension strategy is called product modification. It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users. American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets. Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles dramatically from year to year to keep demand from falling.
26. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will ____.
A) decrease gradually
B) become unstable
C) improve enormously
D) remain at the same level
27. The first paragraph tells us that a new product is ____.
A) usually introduced to satisfy different tastes
B) often more expensive than old ones
C) often inferior to old ones at first
D) not easily accepted by the public
28. Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to ____.
A) work out marketing policies
B) increase its popularity
C) promote its production
D) speed up its life cycle
29. The author mentions the example of “ backpacks ” (Line 4, Para.2) to show the importance of ____.
A) increasing usage among students
B) exploring new market sections
C) pleasing the young as well as the old
D) serving both military and civil needs
30. In order to recover their share of the world market, U.S. auto makers are ____.
A) improving product quality
B) modernizing product style
C) re positioning their product in the market
D) increasing product features
Part Ⅲ
Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
31. By the time he arrives in Beijing , we ____ here for two days.
A) have been stayingB) have stayed
C) shall stayD) will have stayed
32. According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have the longest life ____:77.2 years.
A) scopeB) rankC) spanD) scale
33. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ____ all practical value by the time they were finished.
A) had lostB) would lose
C) would have lostD) should have lost
34. As a public relations officer, he is said ____ some very influential people.
A) to have been knowingB) to be knowing
C) to have knownD) to know
35. Our hopes ____ and fell in the same instant.
A) arousedB) aroseC) raisedD) rose
36. With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers ____ before their time.
A) be bloomedB) bloomingC) bloomD) bloomed
37. A season ticket ____ the holder to make as many journeys as he wished within the stated period of time.
A) grantsB) promisesC) entitlesD) presents
38. ____ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.
A) SomeB) AnyoneC) OneD) Someone
39. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the students productive skills.
A) overB) ontoC) inD) on
40. Only a selected number of landladies in the neighbourhood have been allowed by the university to take in ____.
A) residentsB) inhabitantsC) lodgersD) settlers
41. The fire was finally brought under control ____ extensive damage had been caused.
A) afterB) beforeC) sinceD) as
42. Purchasing the new production line will be a ____ deal for the company.
A) profitableB) tremendousC) forcefulD) favorite
43. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ____ in means standing in a queue all night.
A) profitableB) whateverC) even ifD) as if
44. We hadn ' t met for 20 years, but I recognized her ____ I saw her.
A) for the momentB) the moment when
C) at the moment whenD) the moment
45. Though he was born and brought up in America , he can speak ____ Chinese.
A) smoothB) fluentC) fluidD) flowing
46. Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations ____ formal language is used.
A) in whichB) on whichC) in thatD) at what
47. Fifty years ago, wealthy people liked hunting wild animals for fun ____ sightseeing.
A) than to goB) rather than to go
C) more than goingD) other than going
48. If the building project ____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
A) to be completedB) is completed
C) being completedD) completed
49. He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won ____ and a scholarship.
A) statusB) fameC) faithD) courage
50. Jack wishes that he ____ business instead of history when he was in university.
A) had studiedB) study
C) studiedD) had been studying
51. The older New England villages have changed relatively little ____ a gas station or two in recent decades.
A) exceptB) besides
C) in addition toD) except for
52. The Car Club couldn ' t ____ to meet the demands of all its members.
A) ensureB) guaranteeC) assumeD) confirm
53. Extensive reporting on television has helped to ____ interest in a wide variety of sports and activities.
A) gatherB) generateC) assembleD) yield
54. The president promised to keep all the board members ____ of how the negotiations were going on.
A) informedB) informC) be informedD) informing
55. Eating too much fat can ____ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A) contribute toB) attribute toC) attend toD) devote to
56. All the tasks ____ ahead of time, they decided to go on holiday for a week.
A) had been fulfilledB) were fulfilled
C) having been fulfilledD) been fulfilled
57. This article ____ more attention to the problem of cultural interference in foreign language teaching and learning.
A) calls forB) applies for
C) cares forD) allows for
58. He was punished ____ he should make the same mistake again.
A) unlessB) lestC) ifD) provided
59. Petrol is refinedfrom the ____ oil we take out of the ground.
A) freshB) originalC) rudeD) crude
60. ____ in the United States , St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.
A) The fourth biggest city it was
B) Once the fourth biggest city
C) Being the fourth biggest city
D) It was once the fourth biggest city
Part Ⅳ
Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. More than forty thousand readers told us what they looked for in close friendships, what they expected ____ 61 ____ friends, what they were willing to give in ____ 62 ____ , and how satisfied they were ____ 63 ____ the quality of their friendships. The ____ 64 ____ give little comfort to social critics. Friendship ____ 65 ____ to be a unique form of ____ 66 ____ bonding unlike marriage or the ties that ____ 67 ____ parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by ____ 68 ____ . Unlike other social rotes that we are expected to ____ 69 ____ as citizens, employees, members of professional societies and ____ 70 ____ organizations — it has its own principle, which is to promote ____ 71 ____ of warmth, trust, love and affection ____ 72 ____ two people. The survey on friendship appeared in the March ____ 73 ____ of Psychology Today. The findings ____ 74 ____ that issues of trust and betrayal ( 背叛 ) are ____ 75 ____ to friendship. They also suggest that our readers do not ____ 76 ____ for friends only among those who are ____ 77 ____ like them, but find many ____ 78 ____ differ in race, religion, and ethnic ( 种族 ) background. Arguably the most important ____ 79 ____ that emerges from the data, ____ 80 ____ , is not something that we found — but what we did not.
61. A) onB) ofC) toD) for
62. A) additionB) replyC) turnD) return
63. A) aboutB) ofC) withD) by
64. A) resultsB) effectsC) expectationsD) consequences
65. A) feelsB) leadsC) soundsD) appears
66. A) humanB) mankindC) individualD) civil
67. A) bindB) attachC) controlD) attract
68. A) disciplineB) lawC) ruleD) regulation
69. A) keepB) doC) showD) play
70. A) allB) anyC) otherD) those
71. A) friendshipB) interestsC) feelingsD) impressions
72. A) betweenB) onC) inD) for
73. A) printB) issueC) publicationD) copy
74. A) secureB) assureC) confirmD) resolve
75. A) neutralB) mainC) nuclearD) central
76. A) askB) callC) appealD) look
77. A) mostB) moreC) leastD) less
78. A) peopleB) whoC) whatD) friends
79. A) conclusionB) summaryC) decisionD) claim
80. A) moreoverB) howeverC) stillD) yet
试卷二
Part Ⅰ
Section B Compound Dictation
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general ideas. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 11 to 17 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 18 to 20 you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. If you are a young college student, most of your concerns about your health and happines in life are probably S1____ ____ on the present. Basically, you want to feel good physically, mentally, and S2____ ____ now. You probably don ' t spend much time worrying about the S3____ ____ future, such as whether you will develop heart disease, or S4____ ____, how you will take care of yourself in your S5____ ____ years, or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have S6____ ____ your mind once in a while. However, if you are in you thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health-related thoughts are likely to become S7____ ____ important to you.
S8____ ____ (0.5 points),S8(1)____ ____(1 point) S8(2)____ ____ (0.5 points) that will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in late adulthood, exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life.S9____ ____ (1 point) S9(1)____ ____ (1 point), giving us the opportunity to aviod some of the health problems that have troubled them. S10____ ____ (0.5 point) S10(1)____ ____ (1 point) S10(2)____ ____ (1 point.)
Part Ⅴ
Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, your are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1. 表示欢迎
2. 提出对度假安排的建议
3. 提醒应注意的事项
A Letter to a Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: I heard you got a full mark in the math exam. Congratulation!
M: Thanks! I ' m sure you also did a good job.
Q: What ' s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
2. W: Hi, Tony. How did your experiment go yesterday?
M: Well, it wasn ' t as easy as I had thought. I have to continue doing it tonight.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
3. W: I hear you are moving into a new apartment soon?
M: Yes, that is more expensive. My present neighbor plays piano all night long.
Q: Why is the woman moving?
4. W: Mr. Jones, your student, Bill, shows great enthusiasm for music instruments.
M: I only wish he showed half as much for his English lessons.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation about Bill?
5. W: Oh, dear! I ' m starving, I can ' t walk any farther.
M: Let ' s go to the restaurant across the street and get something to eat.
Q: Where are the two people?
6. W:Why didn ' t you make an appointment to see the doctor last week when you first twist you ankle?
M: The injury didn ' t seem serious then. I decided to go today, because my foot still hurt when I put my weigh on it.
Q: Why didn ' t the man see the doctor earlier?
7. W: I wonder if Sue will be here by 5 o ' clock.
M: Her husband said she left home at 4:30. She should be here at 5:10,and 5:15 at the latest.
Q: What time did Suzy leave home?
8. W: When will you be through with your work,John?
M: Who knows?My boss usually finds something for me to do at the last minute.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
9. W: I don ' t know what I ' m going to wear to the party.All of my clothes look so old and I can ' t afford something new.
M: Why don ' t you wear your black silk dress?
Q: What is the woman going to do?
10. W:How did you like yesterday ' s play?
M: Generally speaking,it was quite good.The part of secretary was played wonderfully,but I think the man who played the boss was too dramatic to be realistic.
Q: How does the woman feel about the man ' s acting in the play?
Section B
If you are a young college student,most of your concerns about your health and happiness in life are probably S1 （ focused ） on the present.Basically,you want to feel good physically,mentally,and S2 （ emotionally ） now.You probably don ' t spend much time worrying about the S3 （ distant ） future,such as whether you will develop heart disease,or S4 （ cancer ） ,how you will take care of yourself in your S5 （ retirement ） years,or how long you are going to live.Such thoughts may have S6 （ crossed ） your mind once in a while.However,if you are in your thirties,forties,fifties,or older,such health related thoughts are likely to become S7 （ increasingly ） important to you.
S8 （ Regardless of your age,you can make a number of important changes in your current life style ） that will help you feel better physically and mentally.Recently researchers have found that,even in late adulthood,exercise,strength training with weights,and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness to their life.S9 （ We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents did in the past, ） giving us the opportunity to avoid some of the health problems that have troubled them.S10 （ And this new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become healthier than our generation. ）
1. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A
S1. focused/focussed S2. emotionally S3. distant S4. cancer
S5. retirement S6. crossed S7. increasingly
S8. Regardless of your age/you can make a number of important changes/ in your current life style
S9. We know much more about preventive health today/than our parents and grandparents did in the past
S10. And this new knowledge/can be transmitted to our children/ to help them become healthier than our generation
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了在英国南海岸海水侵蚀建筑物的事实，然后谈到专家的研究和政府的反应。
11. C
文章第一段谈到主题：生活在英国南海岸的人们面临着严重的问题。 1993 年，一个大旅店的老板和几家民宅的主人发现了令人震惊的事情：一夜之间他们的花园消失得无影无踪。原因是为什么呢 ? 原来，海水侵蚀了建筑物下层柔软的石灰石。从四个选项来看， A 、 B 在文中没有提及， D 项是现象而非问题的起因，显然答案为 C 。
12. B
本题属于综合理解题。第一段第一句直接谈到，在英国南海岸海水侵蚀白色悬崖的问题长期存在，但最近几年变得尤为严重。 C 项在文中并未涉及； D 项与文意不符，故正确答案为 B 项。
13. A
本题属于综合归纳题。在文中第二段最后一句谈到，专家对情况最严重的地方进行研究，并且为当地居民画了一幅图，预报在哪一年他们的房子将被饥饿的海水吞食。实际上，他们只能提醒人们采取预防措施，并未提出任何实质性的解决办法。故正确答案为 A 。
14. B
本题为细节理解题。文中最后一段提到，愤怒的建筑物所有者要求政府建造防水护墙来保护他们的家园。而政府勘测员则指出这几乎不可能。原因有两点：一是建防水墙耗资巨大；二是即使建成了防水墙，也只会使波浪和水流沿着海岸线前进，从而使侵蚀从一个地方转移到另一个地方。故答案为 B 。
15. D
本题属于综合理解题。在文章结尾，作者幽默地说到如果你想买一幢前途不定的房子，那就向英国南海岸危险地区的售房代理商提出申请。可能你会买到价格最低的房子，但是，房子最终可能会被海水破坏。文中的 knockdown 一语双关。 a knockdown price 意为“最低的价格”； a knockdown home 意为“坍塌的家”。作者的言下之意很明显是在提醒人们注意隐患。故正确答案为 D 。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文是一篇议论文，作者旨在强调正面的、积极的鼓励对孩子成长的重要性。并且指出过多的批评、指责会导致孩子增大心理压力，使他们不愿参加原本令他们愉悦的活动。
16. A
文中第一段谈到，来自教练、父母、队友的批评及对成功的渴望使年轻运动员过分焦急，身心压力颇重。这些压力导致他们不愿参加原本喜爱的活动。因此，要想使他们不放弃，必须减少他们的压力，尤其是心理压力。故答案为 A 。
17. C
文中第二段第二句 The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place 表明体育运动的积极作用。接下来作者具体展开，谈到运动员在他们的生活中可以学到的东西。 A 、 D 两项文中并未涉及， B 项与文中主旨不符，故 C 为正确答案。
18. B
A 、 C 、 D 三项虽然可以推测出来，但作者并未说明，故不能选为正确答案。文章第二段最后一句说 Youngsters may take their parents ' and coaches ' criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves, 与 B 项中所述相吻合，所以正确答案为 B 。
19. D
纵观全文，文章旨在强调父母、教练不应对年轻运动员施加过多的压力，以免使他们失去了运动中的乐趣。 B 、 C 两项显然不正确。文章结尾处谈到父母、教练应对年轻运动员多予以肯定，少一些批评指责，这样对他们会更奏效。故 A 项也不正确。只有 D 符合题意。
20. C
文章最后一段的 Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism 表明了作者的意图为 C 项中所述内容。 B 、 D 文中均未涉及， A 则是为了引出主旨，而非作者的主要写作目的。故 C 为正确答案。
Passage Three
【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者谈到水资源的价值、如何利用水资源及政府应采取的措施。
21. D
人口问题、污染问题及有限的可利用水资源都是潜在的“水危机”的原因。但这些只是表面现象，真正的本质原因是人们没有 valuing water, looking at water from a fresh economic perspective, 故正确答案为 D 。
22. A
B 项不正确，因为专家们并没有夸张。如果不重视水资源的价值，不有效地利用它，肯定有一天会面临危机的。第三、四段谈到政府应采取的一些措施，与 D 项所述无关。 C 项文中并未涉及。而在文章开头，作者就提到 Yet occurrences of shortages and droughts are causing famine and distressing in some areas, 故正确答案为 A 。
23. C
纵观全文，作者旨在表明他的观点：人们要充分认识水资源的价值，经济地利用水，以免出现水危机。因此，降低水的价格或刺激国内需求， A 、 B 都不正确， D 项看似合理，但非作者的意图。正确答案为 C 。
24. C
此题为细节理解题。答案在文中显而易见，第四段谈到 For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearly cropland, 通过 small-scale 一词即可选出正确答案 C 。 A 、 B 与文章内容不符， D 项未提及。
25. B
此题为细节理解题。文章最后一句中的 countries should set up central authorities to coordinate water policy 表明了正确答案。为了有效地利用水资源，政府应对其实行中央集权的管理，制定出统一的用水政策。
Passage Four
【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文，首先介绍了产品的生命周期的四个阶段，即：生产阶段，快度发展阶段，成熟阶段和衰退阶段，然后作者提出了两个延长产品生命周期的办法：市场更新和产品更新。
26. D
本题属于细节理解题。文中第一段的 After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off 表明，当人们对某一产品的某一品牌有特殊的爱好之后，它的销售便会趋于稳定。词组 level off 本意为“成水平线”，引申义为“持平”。故本题答案应为 D 。
27. D
本题属于细节理解题。第一段以速溶咖啡为例，说明新产品被人们接受要花很长一段时间。 It took several years to gain general acceptance 一句就表明了这一点。 A 、 B 、 C 三项中的内容文中并未涉及，显然不能选为正确答案，故本题答案为 D 。
28. A
本题属于综合归纳题。文中第二段开头就谈到营销者必须了解产品的生命周期，这一点非常重要。因为在产品的生命周期的不同阶段，营销者要采取不同的销售策略。稍作分析便可知答案为 A 。 B 、 C 、 D 三项虽然在文中有所涉及，但均与题意不符，故不能选作正确答案。
29. B
本题属于综合归纳题。做此题需联系上下文。作者谈到一个营销战略是市场更新，即营销经理要寻找新的用户和新的市场。然后作者以书包为例来证明这一点：过去军用的袋子现在被学生当作书包用。因此，作者在这里用的写作手法是例证法。先提出观点，然后举例证明，故不难得出，本题的正确答案为 B 。
30. A
本题为细节理解题。文中的 American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to recapture world markets 表明，正确答案为 A 。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure
31. D
句意：等他到达北京时，我们就在那儿呆两天了。很显然，主句用的是一般现在时，且有 by the time 这个时间状语。故主句应用将来完成时态，因而正确答案为 D 。
32. C
句意：根据美国联邦政府提供的数据，夏威夷居民的人均寿命最长： 77.2 岁。 A 项 scope 意“范围”； rank 意为“行列，等级”； scale 意为“尺度，刻度”， B 项 span 与 life 一起表示“寿命”之意，符合题意。
33. C
句意：那些成千上万的演算如果用手工进行计算，等到完成后就失去了其实用价值。本题主要考查的是虚拟语气。 had they been done by hand 是与过去事实相反的虚拟时态省略句，故主句应用将来完成时。
34. C(D)
句意：作为一名公关职员，据说他认识一些很有影响的人物。很显然， A 、 B 两项可首先排除。根据句意可知，“认识”的动作是先完成的。故不定式用现在完成时；实际上用一般现在时也是可以的，因为前面有 As ... public ... 短语，说明一种能力，故答案 D 也是可以的。
35. D
句意：我们的希望时而出现，时而消失。 A 项 arouse 意为“唤醒”； B 项 arise 是不及物动词，意为“升起”； raise 意为“饲养，抬起，举起”； rise 是不及物动词， 意为“升起，出现，发生”。
36. C
句意：随着科学技术的不断发展，人类可以使各种不同的花提前开放。根据题意，可首先排除 A 、 D 两项，又因为 make sb. do sth. 句型所限，故选 C 项。
37. C
句意：季票使持有者在规定的时间进行他想要的旅行。 grant 意为“承认，准许”； promise 意为“答应，许诺”； present 意为“演出，授予”，只有 entitle 可接带 to 不定式作宾补的复合宾语，故选 C 。
38. C
句意：有个人在办公室做错了事，公司便自责给消费者带来了不便。 one 在此强调了“数字”，指“有个人”，而且说话者心中有数”； someone 只是说“有人”，不知是哪一个。
39. D
句意：近年来，更加强调学生应用技能的发展。 put emphasis on 意为“强调，把重点放在……”。
40. C 句意：经由这大学同意，附近只有定量的房东允许接受房客。 resident 意为“居民，安居者，住客，寄宿者”； inhabitant 指“居民，栖居的动物”； settler 指“ ( 尤指人口稀少地区的 ) 移民，殖民者”； lodger 指“房客”。
41. B
句意：这场火终于控制住了，但巨大的损失却不可避免的造成了。句中的 but not before 可以看作 but the fire was not brought under control 的省略，因此只有 B 项合乎题意。
42. A
句意：购买新的生产线将是公司一个有利的方案。 profitable 意为“有益的，有利的”； forceful 意为“有力的，强烈的”； tremendous 意为“巨大的，可怕的”； favorite 意为“最喜爱的 ( 人或物 ) ”。
43. C
句意：尽管这意味着要整晚排队，罗德还是决定弄一张演唱会的票。 provided 意为“假如；若是”； whatever 意为“无论什么，不管什么”； as if 意为“好像，好似”； even if 意为“即使，尽管”，符合题意，故 C 项为正确答案。
44. D
句意：我们已 20 年没见面了，但当我一见到她就能认出她。 for the monent 意为“在……时刻”； at the moment 意为“在此刻”； B 、 C 均不合题意； the moment 意为“一……就……”。
45. B
句意：尽管他出生并生长在美国，但他却能说一口流利的中文。 smooth 意为“光滑的”； fluid 意为“易改变的，流质的”； flowing 意为“流动的，溢的”； fluent 意为“流畅的，流利的”。
46. A
句意：政府报道、考试作文、合法文件和商业信函是正式语体运用中最主要的几种形式。这是一个定语从句，可首先排除 C 、 D ，因其先行词不对。此处应在先行词前用 in 而不用 on, 即定语从句为 formal language is used in the main situations, 故 A 项为正确答案。
47. C
句意： 50 年前，同观光旅游相比，富人更喜欢以打猎取乐。四个选项中， A 项可首先排除， B 项 rather than 是连词，要求前后两端所连的词性是一致的，前面用的是 hunting, 那么 rather than 应为 going, 所以 B 项也应排除； D 项若改变 rather than going 就对了，根据句意和语法要求应选 C 项。
48. A
句意：于本月底竣工的这项建筑项目如果被推迟，建筑公司就要受罚。从 by the end of this month 这一时间状语可知，这里须用一个不定式一般式，因为动词不定式一般式表示将要完成的动作，故选 A 。
49. B
句意：他写了一篇批评那位希腊诗人的文章并因此而出名，同时还获得了获学金。 status 意为“身份，地位”，用在此处有夸大、言过其实之嫌； faith 意为“信任，忠诚”，不合题意；同样， courage 意为“勇气”也不符合题意，故排除。
50. A
句意：杰克真希望他在大学期间学的是商业而不是历史。此题考察的是虚拟语气，根据后文状语从句中的时态可知定语从句的内容与过去事实相反，故选 A 项。
51. D
除添了一、二座加油站以外，那些古老的新格兰村庄在数十年中几乎没有什么变化。四选项中最具干扰的是 A 、 B 两项。 except 是用于句子中前后两项属同类事物，而 except for 指前后属不同类事物，显然 D 项正确。
52. B
句意：轿车俱乐部不能保证满足所有会员的要求。 guarantee 意为“保证，担保”，可用于 guarantee to do sth. 结构，表示“保证做某事”的含义； ensure 也意为“保证，担保”，但不能接 to do sth 。 assume 意为“假定，以为”； confirm 意为“证实，批准，认可”，后常接 that 从句，根据句意和搭配要求可知 B 项为正确答案。
53. B
句意：大量有关电视的广泛详尽报道有助于培养我们对各种体育活动的广泛兴趣。 A 和 C 都是“集合，收集”的意思，不合题意。 yield 意为“生产，产出”，通常指自然生产，如结果实等。而 generate 指“使产生，发生，引起”，符合题意。
54. A
句意：董事长许诺让全体董事成员知道谈判是如何进行的。 keep sb.(sth.) done 中的过去分词 ( 此句为 informed) 与其前的宾语构成了意义上的被动关系，故此题应选 A 项。
55. A
句意：食用太多的脂肪会患心脏病并引起高血压。 contribute to 意为“有助于，促成”； attribute to 意为“归因于”， attend to 意为“注意，用心，照顾”， devote to 意为“致力于，专心，专门，献身”。因此，符合题意的只有 A 。
56. C
句意：所有的任务提前完成后，他们决定出去度假一周。 A 项语法结构不合， B 项也犯了与 A 一样的错误， D 项在语法表达上本身就残缺。 C 项是完成时态的分词短语，符合题意和语法要求。
57. A
句意：这篇文章呼吁在外语教和学之间的文化干扰问题上给予以更多关注。 call for 意为“要求”； care for 意为“照顾，关心”，用在此处，意义重复； apply for 意为“申请”， allow for 意为“考虑到”。
58. B
他受惩罚以免再犯同样的错误。 unless 意为“除非”，常与 not 连用， if 和 provided 意思相同，都是“如果”的意思，不合题意，只有 lest( 以免 ) 合乎题意。
59. D
句意：汽油是我们从地下取出的原油提炼而成的。 fresh 意为“新鲜的”， original 意为“原先的，最早的，最初的”。 rude 意为“粗鲁的”， crude 意为“天然的，粗制的”， crude oil 即指“原油”。
60. B
句意：圣·路易斯曾经是美国第四大城市，现在已退居 24 位。 A 项应句首加上连词 though 才对， C 项在时间上前后矛盾， D 项是句子，与原句语法不能并列。故排除，只有 B 符合要求。
Part Ⅳ Cloze
【短文大意】这是一篇论说文。作者从各个方面论说了人们对友谊的看法、友谊的性质及人们的择友标准。
61. B
expect... of sb. 意为“期望某人怎么样”。其他介词同 expect 搭配均不能表达此意。
62. D
in return 意为“回报”。此句意为：他们愿意怎样回报朋友。
63. C
with 与 satisfied 搭配。 be satisfied with 意为“对某事 ( 某人 ) 满意”。此句意为：他们对友谊的质量是如此的满意。
64. C
expectation 意为“期待，期望”。此句意为：读者对友谊的期望并没有给社会评论家带来多大安慰。
65. D
appear 意为“似乎，显得，好象”。此句意为：友谊好像是连结个体的一种独特形式。 feel 意为“感觉到”； sound 意为“听起来”； lead 意为“导致”，均不符合题意。
66. C
individual bonding 意为“个人之间的联系”。
67. A
bind 意为“束缚，使凝结”。原文是指“连结父母与孩子之间的纽带”。 control 意为“控制”； attach 意为“使与……相关联”，多用于词组 attach sth. to sth.; attract 意为“引起……之注意或兴趣”，均不符合题意。
68. B
law 意为“法律”。此句意为：友谊与婚姻和父母与孩子之间的关系不同，是无法用法律加以限制或控制。 discipline 意为“ ( 学生、士兵等的 ) 纪律”； regulation 意为“规则，法规”，不如 law 那么正式严肃； rule 意为“控制行为的条规或惯例”，均不合适。
69. D
play social roles 意为“起社会作用”。
70. C
other organizations 与 profession societies 相对应，原文是指“专业团体和其他机构的成员”。
71. C
feeling 意为“感情”。原句中 warmth, trust, love and affection 是 feeling 的同位语。
72. A
原句是指，友谊能够促进两人之间的感情。
73. B
issue 意为“ ( 书刊的 ) 期，号”。原指“《今日心理》 3 月刊”。
74. C
confirm 意为“证实”。原文谈到的是“调查研究结果所证实的结论”， secure 意为“保证，使安全”； assure 意为“使 ( 某人 ) 相信”，后面不能接 that 从句； resolve 意为“解决”，都不合题意。
75. D
central 意为“最重要的”。原句意为：调查研究结果证实，诚信和背叛是友谊的关键所在。 neutral 意为“中立的”； nuclear 意为“核能的”； main 意为“重要的” ( 程度没有 central 强 ) ，都不合题意。
76. D
look for 意为“寻找”； ask for 意为“请求，要求”； appeal for 意为“恳求”； call for 意为“邀约”。此句谈到的是人们择友的标准，因此， D 项符合题意。
77. A
原句意为：调查结果表明记者不仅只在和他们最相似的人群中寻找朋友。 most 最合题意。
78. B
who differ in... 这是一个定语从句，修饰 many 。原句意是：读者们会寻找许多种族不同、宗教信仰不同和背景不同的人作自己的朋友。
79. A
conclusion 意为“结论”。原句是指“从资料中得出的最重要的结论”。 summary 意为“摘要”； decision 意为“决定”； claim 意为“主张”，均不合题意。
80. B
however 表转折，原句意为：然而，有疑义的是，从资料中得出的最重要的结论，不是我们曾经有所查觉的，而是我们从未预料到的。
Part Ⅴ Writing
A letter to a Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
I ' m very glad that you will come to my home. For the moment, everything is well prepared here and my parents and I are looking farward to the day you come. Do phone me before you make your trip and tell me which train you are to take. I ' ll meet you at the station.
As you know, Shanghai is a large city and there are lots of places worth visiting. But I think one week ' s time is enough. So in the first three days I ' d like to show you around the city. We ' ll go to some bussiness zones such as Nanjing Road and Xujiahui. I ' ll take you to some famous parks as well. During the rest time, I plan to visit some beautiful small villages around shanghai. You needn ' t bother to look for a hotel. Just stay at my home.
The last thing I want to mention in that the train ticket for return should be booked in advance. So in your phonecall before you come, tell me the date you are going back. I ' ll book the ticket for you.
Wish you a happy trip in Shanghai.
Yours Truly,
Zhang Ying | 
