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Unit Seven
Passage 关于短文(二)
一、听力目标
短文作为一篇完整的文章，有它的主题思想，它的篇章结构和它的逻辑关系，只有把握住了文章的这些方面，才能真正理解文章的内容。本单元主要训练同学们在听短文的过程中，如何从这些角度去抓信息，做好相关的题目。
二、听前指导
要想抓住短文的要点，明确短文各部分之间的关系，需要注意以下几点：
1.抓住短文及各段落的主题句。主题句即是其中心思想。主题句有时出现在段落的开头，有时出现在段落的末尾，有时出现在段落的中间。出现在段落开头时，是先点明这一段的主
题，然后展开阐述一些事实或情节，以说明或证实这个主题。出现在段落末尾时，是先摆出一些事实或细节，然后归纳总结出本段落的主题。主题句出现在段落中间的情况不多，它一般起到承上启下的作用。在听短文过程中，如果抓听到了主题句，就等于把握住了短文的脉搏，理解短文就不会出现大的偏差。当然，抓听与主题有关的事实和细节也很重要，因为它们能帮助你更清楚地理解主题。
2.一篇文章中总有一些连贯手段，把文章连为一个整体。这些手段或者是一些代词的运用，如he, she, it, they, them等；或者是一些关键词的重复出现，如：With free time and no TV, children and adults might rediscover reading. There is more entertainment in a good book than a month of typical TV programming.在这里“TV”重复出现了两次；或者是一些关键词以它的同义词的形式重复出现，如：Mr. Harrison moved to Acero in 1960. He liked the town. It is a city situated by the sea. 这里面的town和city都是指Acero，只是变换了一下说法。这些连贯手段如同一条线，把短文上下串在了一起。在听短文的过程中，要抓住这些起连贯作用的词，弄清它们的指代，才能顺着短文的思路，获得完整的理解。
3. 一些连结短文各个句子、表明上下文逻辑关系的词，对理解短文非常重要。它们对于短文内容如何发展起到信号指示的作用。抓住这些信号，对于下文会讲些什么内容、能解答什么问题就会心中有数，这样听的时候就更有针对性，对短文的逻辑关系更清楚。这些词大致可分为下面几类：
①起顺接作用的词，即起并列、递进、例示作用的词。如：and, also, likewise, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, for example, for instance等。
②起逆接作用的词。即表明下面的内容和上面的内容发生了转折的词。如：but, however, otherwise, in spite of, on the contrary, nevertheless等。
③表示因果关系的词。如：because, therefore, since, as, for, as a result, consequently等。
④表示短文层次和先后关系的词。如：first, second, third, last, finally, before, after, next, then, in conclusion, accordingly等。
4. 一般说来，对于谈论自己熟悉的事情的短文较容易听懂，而对于一篇同样难度的短文，如果它涉及的内容自己一无所知，或知之甚少，就会感到很难理解。这说明对于一篇文章
的理解，除了语言知识之外，还要有与文章内容相关的一些背景知识，才能迅速、正确地理
解短文。这就要求我们平时要多读、多听，扩大知识面。但同时也要注意，不要完全依据自
己的经验、知识和观点，进行主观臆测，还要以听到的内容为准，来选择正确答案。
三、听力训练
最新四级考试听力全真模拟题
Directions: In this section, you will hear 6 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
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Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1.A. Because there were fewer people in the shop than usual.
B. Because there were lots of people in the shop.
C. Because the woman was welldressed.
D. Because the woman didn’t notice the detective at all.
2.A. She was an American girl.
B. She was the shop manager’s daughter.
C. She was the woman’s daughter.
D. She was a detective.
3.A. It’s difficult to be honest.
B. People have become more honest than before.
C. People will be arrested if they are not honest.
D. People are not so honest as they once were.
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Questions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard.
4.A. Big Ben is the Houses of Parliament.
B. Big Ben is an official.
C. Big Ben is a famous clock.
D. Big Ben is a painter.
5.A. He thinks it immense and accurate.
B. He thinks it immense but not accurate.
C. He thinks that it is not immense but accurate.
D. He thinks it neither immense nor accurate.
6.A. Because telephones are connected to the clock tower.
B. Because microphones are connected to the clock tower.
C. Because the B.B.C. is on the clock tower.
D. Because the clock gives loud noise.
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Questions 7 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.
7.A. Mother and the first daughter.
B. Mother and the second daughter.
C. Friends. D. Mother and son.
8.A. Because Myra paid little attention to her mother.
B. Because today was a very special day.
C. Because she was proud of her daughter.
D. Because Myra always sent her lovely presents.
9.A. A lovely present. B. A special present.
C. Only a cheque.D. Nothing.
10.A. Disappointed. B. Good.
C. Happy.D. Surprised.
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Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.A. He was elected the president of the
B. Someone stole his purse.
C. Someone attempted to assassinate him.
D. He was seriously ill.
12.A. He was making a speech.
B. He was coming out of a hotel.
C. He was walking with six security men.
D. He was going to the hospital.
13.A. The gunman. B. A security man.
C. A young man from a welltodo family.
D. A young movie actress.
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Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14.A. Tranquil and simple.B. Hard and brutal.
C. Rich and happy. D. Busy and funny.
15.A. There was no law 200 years ago.
B. The law was bad and unfair.
C. The law was hard and brutal.
D. The law was perfect.
16.A. Much better but far from perfect.
B. There were too many people in prisons.
C. Very good and very comfortable.
D. Too bad to be able to live in.
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Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17.A. We should do morning exercises.
B. We should make friends.
C. We should sleep well.
D. We should eat.
18.A. Milk.B. Meat.C. Protein.D. Fat.
19.A. Carbohydrate.B. Protein.
C. Potatoes.D. Fat.
20.A. Because they help the body to build cells.
B. Because they contain fat.
C. Because the body cannot move without them.
D. Because they keep the body warm and give it energy.
答案部分
1.答案A。
【试题分析】 本题考查文章中某一动作形成的原因。
【关键词语】 fewer people in the shop
【详细解答】 此题关键是听懂句子“One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easy for the detective to watch her.” 特别要听出“so”这个单词，因为它表示一种因果关系，前面为原因，后面它所引导的内容是结果。这个因果关系一明确，答案就好找了。
2.答案C。
【试题分析】 本题考查对文章中人物的确认。
【关键词语】 Shopassitant was her daughter
【详细解答】 只要听懂这一部分“the shopassistant was her daughter.”，并弄清
短文中“she”和“her”的所指，就会明白这里的“her”就是指“the woman’s”，所以答
案选C。
3.答案D。
【试题分析】 本题考查对某事看法、观点的理解与判断。
【关键词语】 People are not so honest as they once were
【详细解答】 本题的答案即是这篇短文的主题句，也就是短文的第
一句“People are not so honest as they once were.”只要听清这一句，并听得出短文中的故事是用来证实作者这一观点的，就能选对答案。
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4.答案C。
【试题分析】 本题考查对某事看法、观点的理解与判断。
【关键词语】 Big Ben, the famous clock which...
【详细解答】 首先需听懂这一部分“one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which...”并且知道这里面有一个同位语结构，Big Ben和它的同位
语the famous clock指的是同一事物，这样就可找出答案C了。
5.答案A。
【试题分析】 本题考查对文章中某一动作产生的原因。
【关键词语】 not only...immense size but...accurate as well
【详细解答】 需听懂这一句“It is not only of immense size but is extremely accurate as well.”特别要听出其中的连接词not only...but...as well，并知道它的意思是
“不但……而且……”，就可选出答案A。
6.答案B。
【试题分析】 考查文章中某一动作形成的原因。
【关键词语】 because microphones...connected...
【详细解答】 关键要听懂句子“On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower.”。其中because是引导原因的词，它的前后构成因果关系，明确这一点，就很容易找对答案。
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7.答案B。
【试题分析】 本题考查文章中人物之间的关系。【关键词语】 her daught, Myra; first daught...died
【详细解答】 文中提到“to see what kind of present her daughter, Myra, would send to her.”证明Myra是老太太的女儿，接下来的一句又可听到老太太的大女儿已死，因
此可推断Myra是她的二女儿。
8.答案B。
【试题分析】 考查文章中某一动作所产生的原因。
【关键词语】 sure, receive a letter, today was very special day
【详细解答】 文中先提到老太太“was quite sure she would receive a lovely present”。下一句以“After all”开头，这是陈述最主要的原因时用的句式，但在“After all
”之后是“She thought, even if...”，这是一个让步状语从句，表示“即使……也……
”，是插入成分，“After all”真正引导的是这个从句后面的“today was a very special day
”，这才是她肯定自己会收到一份可爱的礼物的真正原因。
9.答案C。
【试题分析】 本题考查对某一事件的判断。
【关键词语】 rather than choosing a special gift
【详细解答】 However起转折作用，表示与期待的相反，又有“rather than”引导“choosing a special gift”，表示对这一部分内容的否定，所肯定的是后面的内容“Myra had
simply sent her a cheque folded in a card.”。所以答案选C。
10.答案A。
【试题分析】 考查文章中某一行为的方式。
【关键词语】 ...old lady found...disappointment...
【详细解答】 短文最后一句说到老太太收到礼物时这样说：“the old lady found to her disappointment that, ...”，因此选A。
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11.答案C。
【试题分析】 考查考生对文章中的动作行为的判断能力。
【关键词语】 ...attempted to assassinate...
【详细解答】 只要听清短文的第一句“In March of 1981, John Hinckley, Jr. attempted to assassinate agan.”就可找对答案。因为这
一句也是本文的主题句，下文中有具体的细节来进一步说明这个主题，所以也可以通过下文
中的描述来推测出正确答案。
12.答案B。
【试题分析】 考查考生对文章中的动作行为的判断能力。
【关键词语】 making a speech when...
【详细解答】 首先要听清句子“President Reagan was coming out of a hotel after
making a speech when suddenly six loud shots rang out.”，并且要特别注意其中的“
after”和“when”，因为它们表示出了事情的先后关系。理清了事情发生的顺序才能选对
答案。
13.答案D。
【试题分析】 本题考查文章中人物的职业。
【关键词语】 a young movie actress
【详细解答】 只要听懂“The letter was addressed to Jody Foster, a young movie
actress.”并且知道Jody Foster和a young movie actress是同位语关系，指的是同一个人，就可选出答案D。
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14.答案B。
【试题分析】 本题考查判断对某一动作的看法、观点。
【关键词语】 Life was hard...brutal
【详细解答】 需听懂这一句“Life was hard and often brutal.”
这是该段的一个主题句，文中有具体的例子来说明这个主题。
15.答案C。
【试题分析】 本题考查判断对某一动作的看法、观点。
【关键词语】 Life was hard...brutal, so was the law
【详细解答】 除了听懂“Life was hard and often brutal”之外
，还要听懂下面的“So was the law.”，把这两句结合起来，就可推出“The law was hard and brutal”这个结论。这个结论也是该段的一个主题句，有具体的例子来证明这个结论。可参照这些细节来理解这句话，选出正确的答案。
16.答案A。
【试题分析】 本题考查判断对某一动作的看法、观点。
【关键词语】 better...in the last 200 years, are far from perfect
【详细解答】 要听懂这两句“Prisons have of course got much better in the last
200 years, but conditions are still far from perfect.”并明白它们之间的转折关系
，即可选对答案。因为这两句是该段的主题句，所以也可参照下文有关的具体论述来选择答
案。
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17.答案D。
【试题分析】 考查考生对行为动作的判断。
【关键词语】 didn’t eat...keep...alive
【详细解答】 只要听懂第一句“If we didn’t eat, we couldn’t keep our bodies alive,...”即可。这一题只不过是把第一句的内容换了个说法。当然，也可根据常识排除错误答案。
18.答案C。
【试题分析】 考查考生对行为动作的判断。
【关键词语】 can’t make new cells without protein
【详细解答】 只要听懂句子“The body cannot make new cells without protein.”，
并且知道“cannot...without...”就是表示“necessary”的意思，就可选对答案。
19.答案A。
【试题分析】 考查考生对文章中某一事物的判断。
【关键词语】 such as...flour
【详细解答】 首先要听清句子“Carbohydrates are foods which...，such as potatoes
, flour, rice, and sugar.”。句中的such as表示例示，即它所引导的一系列事物是上句
所谈事物的例子，也就是类属于上句所说的事物。明确了such as的作用，也就知道了flour
属于carbohydrate。所以选A。
20.答案D。
【试题分析】 本题考查文章中某一动作所产生的原因。
【关键词语】 because...keep it warm and give it energy
【详细解答】 首先要听懂这一句“They are important to the body because they keep it warm and give it energy.”并知道because是引导原因的，还要能理解they是指代前面的carbohydrates的，才能选出答案D。
听力原文
1
People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater
than ever before-especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a welldressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it
was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the
shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shopassistant was her daughter. The girl “gave” her mother a free dress once a week!
Qusetions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1. Why was it easier for the detective to watch the woman one Monday?
2. Who was the shopassistant?
3. What’s the author’s opinion about “honesty”?
2
When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C.. If the Houses of
Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but of extremely accurate as well. Officials from
Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C., you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected
to the clock tower. Big Ben hasrarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of
paint on one of the hands and slowed it down!
Qusetions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard.
4. What is Big Ben?
5. What does the author think of Big Ben?
6. Why can you hear the clock on the B.B.C.?
3
On the occasion of the old lady’s eightieth birthday, she waited eagerly to see what kind of present her daughter, Myra, would send to her. Since her first daughter, Enid,died two years ago, the old lady had endured the loneliness
of living by herself. It was rare for Myra to visit her mother, but still the old lady was proud of her. She felt sure that her daughter would celebrate her birthday with something special. As she waited for the postman, the old lady trembled with excitement because she was quite sure she would receive a lovely present. After all, she thought, even if Myra paid little attention to her mother at other times, today was a very special day. However, when the postman came, the old lady found to her disappointment that, rather than choosing a special gift, Myra had simply sent her a cheque folded in a card.
Qusetions 7 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.
7. What’s the relationship between Myra and the old lady?
8. Why was the old lady sure she would receive a lovely present?
9. What was the old lady’s present?10. How did the old lady feel when
she found her present?
4
In March of 1981, John Hinckley, Jr. attempted to assassinate ed States President Ronald Reagan. President Reagan was coming out of a hotel after making a
speech when suddenly six loud shots ran out. One of the bullets entered the president’s left lung. His security men rushed him to the hospital where doctors operated on him for twohours. Reagan recovered rapidly and was back in the White
House after a few weeks.
The gunman was a young man from a welltodo family. After the shooting, the
police searched his motel room and found a letter. The letter was addressed to
Jody Foster, a young movie actress. In the letter he explained that he wanted to shoot the President in order to impress Miss Foster and make her pay attention
to him. The police later discovered that Hinckley had a history of emotional problems.
Qusetions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. What had happened to Ronald Reagan in March of 1981?
12. What was Reagan doing when the thing happened?
13. Who was Jody Foster?
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If you had been alive 200 years ago, and perhaps had stolen only a few loaves of bread, you would have been sent to prison. If you had killed someone, something
far worse would have happened to you. You would have been hanged in public. Life was hard and often brutal. So was the law. Perhaps it had to be. If you had lived in a large city like London, and if you had walked through the streets at night, someone might have killed you only in order to get your money.
Prisons have of course gotten much better in the last 200 years. But conditions
are still far from perfect. If you were in a prison in many countries, you would
probably be living in a small cell. You would probably be sharing it with at least two other people. Many people say, “Why should criminals have any better conditions? They shouldn’t have broken the law in the first place.”
Qusetions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. What was life like 200 years ago?
15. What was the law like 200 years ago?
16. What does the author think of the conditions of prisons in the last
200 years?
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If we didn’t eat, we couldn’t keep our bodies alive. We couldn’t grow; we couldn’t have energy; and various parts of our body couldn’t function as they must.
Modern scientists have been able to find out which substances in food our bodies
need, and how much of these substances we need to be healthy. In other words, it isn’t enough just to eat; we must take in enough of each type of food substance for a specific purpose.
Protein food such as milk, eggs, cheese, meat and fish contain large quantities of the kind of material the body needs to build cells. The body cannot make new cells without protein. Carbohydrates are foods which have a large quantity of starch or sugar, such as potatoes, flour, rice, and sugar. They are important to
the body because they keep it warm and give it energy. Almost all foods also have some fat, and fat is the most concentrated energygiving food the body needs.
Qusetions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. What should we do if we want to keep our bodies alive?
18. What is necessary for the body to make new cells?
19. What kind of food does flour belong to?
20. Why are carbohydrates important to the body?
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