Unit Four
Compound Dictation 复合式听写
一、听力目标
复合式听写是指在一篇短文中考查两项听写内容。一项是短文中空出7个空，要求考生根据录音填出漏掉的7个单词。另一项是短文中空出3个空，要求考生根据录音内容填出与之意思相同但表达方式可以不同的3个或更多个句子。这样两项听写内容出现在同一篇短文中，因此叫复合式听写。它既考查听辨单词的能力，又考查听辨句子大意并用自己的话将之表述出来的能力。本单元主要针对这两项能力进行训练，希望同学们在这方面能有所提高。
二、听前指导
首先，我们看一下听辨短文中的单词需注意的几点：
1.根据单词的发音来拼写单词。这就要求考生掌握单词的发音规则，知道单词的拼写和发音之间的关系。如果知道哪个音对应哪个字母或字母组合，就有可能把不认识的单词拼写出来。如：听到［ｕｔ］这个音，可根据发音规则［］对应字母g， ［ｕ］对应字母组合oa，［t］对应字母t，这样来拼写出goat这个单词。再如听到［ｂａｉｔ］这个音，可根据读音规则和有关开音节方面的知识，把它写成bite这个单词。当然这种方法只是针对不认识的生词或印象不深、搞不清楚如何拼写的单词，它对于正确拼写单词有一定的帮助，但也有很大的局限性。因为英语不是拼音文字，音素和字母之间不是一一对应的，而且有很多例外的情况。因此要想正确写出单词，最重要的还要靠平时多听、多记，扩大词汇量。
2.仔细辨听读音相似的单词。在听录音时，一个自己熟悉的单词往往会错听成了另一个单词。这其中一个重要的原因是有些单词发音很相近。如果自己平时没有注意它们之间细微的差别，发音不准，考试时就辨听不出来了。发音相近的单词，大多是因为它们含有一个很容易混淆的音素，把这些音素的发音区别开来，单词就容易听清了。容易混淆的元音音素有：［i］和［ｉ］、［i］和［e］、［e］和［］、［］和［ai］、［ei］和［ｉ］、［］和［］、［ｉ］和［］等。容易混淆的辅音音素有：［n］和［l］、［r］和［l］、［w］和［v］、［s］和［］、［］和［s］等。平时注意把这些音听清楚，读准确，考试时就不容易听错单词了。3.根据上下文的内容推测所填单词的意思。如：I have to walk part of the way because I cannot ____ a bicycle through the fields.根据上文我们知道这一个空要表示“骑”自行车的意思，因为前面的“walk part of the way”表明他在赶路。所以可推断这个空填一个表示“骑”的单词“ride”，这样对所填单词心中有数，再从发音上听，就比单纯从发音上听单词容易多了。4. 根据单词所在句子的语法形式和单词在句子中所处的位置确定单词的语法形式。如单词的词性，是名词的话有单、复数的问题，是动词的话有时态、语态、人称等方面的问题。在写出单词之后，可以在这些方面进行检查，看所填单词在句子中是否符合语法规则。
下面谈一谈复合式听写的第二部分——听写句子大意。这一部分需要注意的是：
1.在听第一遍时，一定要注意听懂整篇短文的大意。只有在对短文有了整体理解的基础上
，才能抓住所要写的句子的大意。即使对这句话听不太懂，也能根据上下文的内容和文章的结构写出一个意思差不太多的句子。如果不注意听全文大意，一开始就把听到的几个词写出来，那很可能会拼凑出一句与原文意思相去甚远，不符合题意的句子。
2. 在听懂短文大意的基础之上，在听第二遍时，就要尽快地把所要写的句子的关键信息记下来。因为句子有很多单词，可挑重要的词记，如实词、表示转承关系的词等。为节约时间，一个单词可只写几个字母、用简写、甚至可以用汉字，只要自己能明白意思就行。在最后整理句子时，就可根据自己对短文的理解以及记下的这些线索来写。另外，因为短文是一个整体，所空出的句子不但在内容上和已写出的部分相联系，甚至一些词和句式也出现在已给出的部分。只要听时注意留心，很可能会从给出的部分中找到自己要表达的东西。如：
But like the stars in the sky, a superstar fades from sight as time passes. Many young people, for example, know little about Muhammad Ali these days.
Superstars are loved by millions of people today but forgotten tomorrow.在做这一个听写部分时，可 记下这样一些关键信息：but like, star, sky, S(superstar的简写), fade, time, young, know little, M A (Muhammad Ali的简写), now，在整理句子时，可借用上文已出现的人名Muhammad Ali的拼写，和下一句中出现的superstar的拼写。划线部分的下一句和划线部分表述的是同一个意思，也可以作为借鉴。3. 在写出句子后，还要从写作的角度检查一遍自己的句子，看意思是否表达清楚了，是否符合语法规则，特别要注意检查字母大小写、名词单复数、动词时态的统一、冠词的运用等细节问题，这是较容易忽略的。
三、听力训练
最新四级考试听力全真模拟题
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
1.A.They are playing snow.
B.They are waiting for a bus.
C.The man was bitten by a mad dog.
D.The bus would not come.
2.A.Advanced. B.Given .
C.Borrowed. D.Lent.
3.A.She saw something and she was very frightened.B.Something wrong with her throat.
C.Something wrong with her throat and her head.
D.She felt unwell because she saw something awful.
4.A.The man is a clerk.
B.The man is ill.
C.The man didn’t pay attention to his health.
D.The man has stayed in bed for a week.
5.A.In Hong Kong. B.In a store.
C.At an airport. D.In a post-office.
6.A.She wants to count his money.
B.She wants to know some procedure.
C.She wants to apply for a job.
D.She wants to save some money at the bank.
7.A.Yes. She agreed.
B.No.she refused.
C.No.She declined.
D.Yes.She almost agreed.
8.A.Report, visit, and travel.
B.Planting trees, meetings, and dancing.
C.Climbing mountains, lectures, and writing.
D.Outing, singing, and meetings.
9.A.Chinese. B.English.
C.Maths. D.Subjects.
10.A.Two men were killed and four women and two children were survived.
B.Two men and four women and two children were survived.
C.Four women and two children were killed.
D.Two men, four women and two children were killed.
Directions: In this section, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. When it is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Then listen to the passage for the second time and fill in the blanks numbered 11 to 17 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 18 to 20 fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, check your answers when the passage is read for the third time.
In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different (11) _____ of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, the products are often nearly (12) _____.One manufacturer’s toothpaste (13) _____ to differ very little from another manufacturer’s. Thus, manufacturers are (14) ______ with a problem—how to keep sales high enough to stay in business.Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising.They try to appeal to consumers in various ways.In fact, advertisements may be (15) _____ into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.
One type of advertisement tries to(16) _____to the consumer’s reasoning mind.It may offer a claim that seems scientific.For example it may say the dentists (17) _____ flash toothpaste.In selling a product, (18) _____. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth.
Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer.(19) __________________________________________________________________________.
One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive.For example,
the advertisers may personify cans of insecticide, and show them attacking mean
faced bugs.Ads of this sort are silly, but they also tend to be amusing.________________________________________________.
答案部分
1.答案B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生是否理解全篇对话。
【关键词语】I wish the bus would come, look, wind...like...dog.
【详细解答】听到I wish the bus would come，说明在等车，虽然wish表达的是虚拟语气，只是说明等车着急的心理，不能否认等车的事实，因此该句与B相符
；look 不等于玩，A不正确；听到wind...like...dog，只是“像”也与C不符，只有B为正确答案。
2.答案D。
【试题分析】本题考查考生对对话中词义的理解。
【关键词语】borrow, due back.
【详细解答】听到borrow这个关键词后，对方说on loan，并说it’s due back in ...a week，说明书不在，根据常识肯定被某人借走了，因此可以猜测on loan 是“借走”的意思。四个选项中，有关借的只有C、D，根据它们的区别，只有D符合题意。
3.答案C。
【试题分析】本问考查对词义的判断。
【关键词语】sore throat, dizzy.
【详细解答】不要把sore 听成了saw，听到throat后答案肯定在B、C中，因此关键的关键要理解dizzy，它意为“头晕、头昏”，因此C为正确答案。如果不知道dizzy是何意或抓不到这个关键词，就可能误选B。
4.答案B。
【试题分析】本题考查考生的推断能力。
【关键词语】go home, go to bed, stay...a week, health
【详细解答】听到go home, go to bed, stay...a week，health根据常识应该可以推断
出The man is ill。因此，B为正确答案。可以听到office，但在office工作的人不一定就是clerk，A不正确；可以听到mustn’t...health，但take ...chances with意为“碰运气、冒险”，即，不要拿你的健康开玩笑，与题意不符，C也不正确；虽然听到了stayed....for a week, 但用的是完成时态，与对话中的have to 不符。
5.答案D。
【试题分析】本题要求考生对地点进行猜测。
【关键词语】mail, postage.
【详细解答】这两个词是邮局的专业词汇，因此可以猜测地点在邮局，故D为正确答案。
6.答案D。
【试题分析】本问考查考生对行为的判断。
【关键词语】savings account, passbook.
【详细解答】以上关键词语是银行的专业词汇，意为“开户”、“存折”，如果不知，选择正确就比较困难。故答案为D。
7.答案C。
【试题分析】本问考查对拒绝方式的理解。
【关键词语】as a matter of fact.
【详细解答】听到what time?和One o’clock?两个问句后，对方没有直接回答，而用了as a matter of fact，就可以看出是在做否定回答，而且是委婉的拒绝，因此C符合题意。
8.答案C。
【试题分析】本问考查考生对信息细节的理解。
【关键词语】meetings，visiting，outing，planting，parties.
【详细解答】本问的关键是要对以上五个关键词的内容根据常识进行扩展。如:Meetings
包括听报告；outing 包括旅行、郊游；parties包括唱歌、跳舞。因此A、B、D均为正确，
这些不包括writing，对话中没有提到，故C为正确答案。
9.答案D。
【试题分析】本问是考查考生对对话主题的判断。
【关键词语】Chinese, English, maths.
【详细解答】材料中给出了Chinese, English 和maths几门课程的信息，说明他们在谈subjects。单选其中的一门都是不全面的。故
答案为D。
10.答案B。
【试题分析】本问仍考查考生对对话的全面理解。
【关键词语】survive，miracle.
【详细解答】材料属于交通事故的判断，听到关键词survive，miracle，由此可以判断交通事故没有人死亡。因此B为正确答案。
11.【听写答案】brands
【试题分析】考查单词辨音。
【详细解答】这个词的音与brents（黑雁）相似，很多学员误写，但是放到文章中显然文不对题；还有的考生写成了单数brand，放到句子中应该能检查出该空应为复数。
【作者建议】听写单词时一定要检查语义，语法，然后对照录音，
即使听不出单复数、辨音以及动词ed，也要按语义、语法的规律填写，不能单纯按音抓抄。
12.【听写答案】identical
【试题分析】这是单纯考查单词的听写。
【详细解答】所谓纯粹考查单词是指按音听写，只要你平时记忆
了该单词，等于送分。但要注意单词的拼写，不要写成了identicle或idantical等。
13.【听写答案】tends
【试题分析】考查词组的搭配。
【详细解答】tend to 意为“倾向”，不要听成了turns，那样在
语义上不通。
14.【听写答案】confronted
【试题分析】考查词组的搭配。
【详细解答】不要听成come from 或听成confront，那样在语法
上不通。
15.【听写答案】classified
【试题分析】考查词组的搭配。
【详细解答】be classified into意为“把……分成”，听写时，不要漏写了ed。
16.【听写答案】appeal
【试题分析】考查词组的搭配及单词辨音。
【详细解答】appeal to 意为“呼吁, 有吸引力”，不要与appear混淆。
17.【听写答案】recommend
【试题分析】这是单纯考查单词的听写。
【详细解答】抓音时注意不要写成了recommand、recomend
或recomand。
18.【听写答案】the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth.
【试题分析】考查长句的理解、组织、听写能力。
【详细解答】在边听边看了解全文大意之后一般来说听写一、二句话
比较简单。首先第一遍听到的是一个比较级，首先抓抄less important than，第二遍弄清谁与谁比的问题，即，the truth of the advertising和appearance of truth，第三遍组句。既可用原文，又可用自己的话写出大意，比较灵活。用自己的话可以写成the truth of the advertising is not very important,and the appearance of truth is more important.
19.【听写答案】Products that are essential boring, such as insecticide, are often advertised in an amusing way.
【试题分析】考查长句的理解、组织、听写能力。
【详细解答】第一遍抓抄products ... boring ... in an amusing
way；第二遍抓听举例部分，即，such as insecticide；第三遍组句。组句时要根据文章的
内容，通过自己的想象把断断续续的单词连成一个完整的句子，即，If products are very
boring, we can advertise them in an amusing way.
20.【听写答案】Advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products that the consumers associate with fun.
【试题分析】考查长句的理解、组织、听写能力。
【详细解答】这一段讲的是广告的第三种形式，即用amusing way，
考生应带着这个主题
听最后一句。第一遍抓抄到believe...are likely to remember and buy products,第二
遍应抓抄到with fun，第三遍通过想象和常识组句:首先要补出两个主语，根据文章和常识
可以判断第一个主语应为advertisers,第二个主语为consumers，因此该句的大意应为“广
告商相信消费者愿意记住并购买与幽默有关的产品”。用自己的话可以组织为:Advertisers
believe that consumers are likely to remember and buy products which seem funny.
听力原文
1.W:I wish the bus would come. I’m so cold. Look at those snow drifts over there. They’re taller than I am.
M:And the wind is biting into my skin like a mad dog.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
2.M:I’d like to borrow these three books, and I also need these two books, but I couldn’t find them.
W:This one is on loan. It’s due back in about a week. Do you want me to “reserve” it for you?
Q: What does “on loan” mean here?
3.W:I have a sore throat and I feel a bit dizzy.
M:How long have you been like this?
Q: What’s wrong with the woman?
4.M:I have to get back to the office. There’s so much work.
W:No, you don’t. You have got to go home and go to bed. And you have to stay there for a week. You mustn’t take any more chances with your health.
Q: What can you infer from the dialogue?
5.M:I want to mail this package to Hong Kong. How much is the postage?
W:That will be $ 12.
Q: Where is the man?
6.W:I want to open a savings account, sir. What is the proper procedure?
M:First, you fill out the application and then we’ll issue you a
passbook.
Q: What does the woman want to do?
7.M:What time would you come? One o’clock?
W:As a matter of fact, I have already made an appointment with Professor Smith at one o’clock.
Q:Will the woman agree to the appointment at one o’clock?
8.W:What do people do on Youth Day?
M:Different kinds of activities, such as commemorative meetings,
visiting places of revolutionary interest, outing, planting trees, parties. It’s mostly young people who take part.
Q: Which of the following is not mentioned?
9.M:Which is difficult to learn, Chinese or English?
W:For me, maths is the most difficult to learn.
Q: What are they talking about?
10.M:How could anyone survive this accident?
W:It’s a miracle. There were two men in the truck and four women with two
children in the car, but no one badly hurt.
Q: Which of the following is not true?
Dictation
In a competitive economy, the consumer usually has the choice of several different(11) brands of the same product. Yet underneath their labels, the products are often nearly (12) identical. One manufacturer’s toothpaste (13) tends to differ very little from another manufacturer’s.Thus, manufacturers are (14) confronted with a problem—how to keep sales high enough to stay in business. Manufacturers solve this problem by advertising. They try to appeal to consumers in various ways. In fact, advertisements may be (15) classified into three types according to the kind of appeals they use.
One type of advertisement tries to (16) appeal to the consumer’s reasoning mind. It may offer a claim that seems scientific. For example it may say the dentists (17) recommend Flash toothpaste. In selling a product, (18) the truth of the advertising may be less important than the appearance of truth. A scientific approach gives the appearance of truth.
Another type of advertisement tries to amuse the potential buyer. (19) Products that are essential boring,such as insecticide, are often
advertised in an amusing way.
One way of doing this is to make the products appear alive. For example, the
advertisers may personify cans of insecticide, and show them attacking meanfaced bugs. Ads of this sort are silly, but they also tend to be amusing. (20) Advertisers believe that consumers are likely to remember a
nd buy products that the consumers associate with fun.
