一、不同记忆类型应选择的记忆方法 由于人们的记忆特征是有区别的,所以某种特定的记忆法并不一定适合每一个人,那么在选择背单词的方法时要根据自身的特点来操作。在学英语的人群中常见以下三种特征记忆模式: 1.视觉敏感型 所谓视觉敏感型的人群,是借助视觉来记忆事物的类型。一般说来,人的记忆以视觉型居多。人类的记忆信息中有70-80%是视觉性的。对于这一类型的人来说,使记忆信息视觉化,对他们最为合适。 这类人群在背单词时可结合历年真题中出现的生词去查阅并记录在personal dictionary。 背单词时,不要只看单词列表,要结合阅读理解的文章来记忆,效果很好。 2.听觉敏感型
这种类型的人能很好地记住耳朵听到的内容。有些人的乐感强。例如,常有这样的人,英语不算好,却能在听歌时,记住英语歌词。这类人在背单词时可先把单词讲解给自己听,并录成磁带,在复习时再听自己的录音巩固记忆。一般听三遍即可记住词意,听五遍即可记住拼写。
3.混合型 混合型是指以上两种类型的混合体。但是,这一类型是不平衡的,有些人偏向于视觉型、有些人偏向听觉型。在背单词时可以同时结合两种类型的优势进行记忆,也可以通过听故事、看文章,结合情节来记忆。如可以选择胡敏老师的《胡敏读故事记单词--大学英语六级词汇》。
二、对于难以记忆的词汇如何解决
原则:解放思想,展开无尽的联想,下面我介绍联想的几种方法: 1.从不熟悉的单词中找到熟悉的单词 mirth---m(妈妈)+ irth(birth) 妈妈看你出生了---高兴 acme—AC米兰(足球俱乐部在足球史上是个奇迹)---顶点, 极致 2.近形对照法记忆—----比较差异 brief grief relief ----不(b)简洁, 哥(g)悲伤, 阿姨(re)说谎(lie)为(f) 缓解 irrigate irritable ---- 灌溉的是大门(gate), 激怒的是桌子(table) 3.协音记忆法 exhaust (一个早死的他) 用尽, 耗尽, 使精疲力尽 illumine (一路明) 点亮 照亮 ambition (俺必胜)雄心壮志。野心勃勃 4.代码记忆 cent-----钱 decent innocent reticent incentive
(二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有: can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数),more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。
例(1)It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes .(1999年6月四级题30)
A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B. in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
(分析:选项B中often 一词,语气委婉,不十分肯定,故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。)
例(2) According to the passage the problems of B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities.
C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago.
D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities.
(分析:B、D两项中均有must be,语气太绝对化,故一般被排除。考生结合短文内容在剩下两项中进行选择,命中率就极高了。)
(二)选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有: can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多数),more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。
例(1)It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes .(1999年6月四级题30)
A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries
B. in many countries success often depends on one’s social status
C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries
D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America
(分析:选项B中often 一词,语气委婉,不十分肯定,故为答案。而其它三项中所表达出的语气都明显绝对化。)
例(2) According to the passage the problems ofcollege education partly arise from the fact that ——.
A. society can’t provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates
B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education?
C. too many students have to earn their own living
D. college administrators encourage students to drop out
(分析:答案项C中有have to, 语气太绝对化,故被排除。而A项中can’t 的语气则不十分绝对化,故为答案。) (三)选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项,而同义替换的一般是选项。
例(1)According to Dr. David, Americans .(1993年6月六级题32)
A.are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life
B. often neglect the unsequences of sleep deficit
C. do not know how to relax themselves properly
D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
(分析:答案项中A、D两项基本上是原文中句子的原现,故被排除。B项中有often 一词,语气委婉,不十肯定,故为答案。)
例(2)According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(1996年1月六级题35)
A.Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood
B. Some ;day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man
D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter. (分析:A项句子基本上是原文词句,C项中有already一词,语气太绝对化,故A、C两项被排除。剩下B、D两项,而D项中有不十分肯定语气词may not,故选D。)
(四)较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的,选项一般是答案项。
例(1)which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (1996年1月六级题25)
A.Musical 包含uments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.
B. Music can’t be passed on to future generations unless it’s recorded.
C. Folk songs can’t be spread for unless they are printed on music sheet.
D. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.
(分析:根据短文内容可以看出,A、B、C三项的内容都只是从某一个方面阐述了一种观点,而D项句子所表达的意思就较全面,高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。)
例(2)The first paragraph is mainly about . (1991年6月六级题22)
A.the teenagers’ criticism of their parents
B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents
C. the dominance of the parents over their children
D. the teenagers’ ability to deal with crisis
(分析:短文意思是讲年青人有时批评、责备其父母,认为父母对他们间误解负大部分责任是自然的事。而B项意思是年青人和父母间的误解;C项意思是父母对他们孩子的统治;D项指年轻人处理危机的能力。根据短文内容,可以明确看出,B、C、D三项内容都是从三个方面来论述短文观点的,而A项则较全面地、有针对性地表达了文章的中心意思,故为答案。) (五)选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的(字面意思)一般不是答案项,而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。 [1] [2] 下一页
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