一：英国留学名词解释

　　1.教育

　　ACCESS

　　The main aim of Access programmes is to prepare adult learners from non-traditional backgrounds and under-represented groups for admission to undergraduate education. They often lead to GCSEs and A levels and are run by Colleges of Further Education. ACCESS to teaching would offer GCSE Mathematics, English and Science and appropriate A levels for Initial Teacher Training degree entry.

　　BTEC National

　　Qualification equivalent to two A level courses. Subjects include Nursery Nursing, Business Studies and Art and Design. There are considerable practical elements to the courses with work placements offered.

　　college

　　A term with several definitions in the UK, separate from the US understanding, which refers to any institution that offers undergraduate or graduate degrees. First, colleges of further and higher education replicate the final 2 years of US secondary school (grades 11 and 12), after which students often continue on to university studies. Course offerings include academic qualifications, such as A-levels, or vocational qualifications such as GNVQ's. In the UK, the word 'college' can also refer to a collegiate college.

　　collegiate system/institutions

　　A distinctive system of individual, residential communities within a larger, academic university. Each college (not to be confused with Further Education and Higher Education colleges) contains smaller numbers of students in most subjects to promote concentrated discussion and idea exchange. Well known examples include the college systems of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham.

　　Combined Studies

　　At a UK university, every class a student completes for their degree is in the category of his or her major (they do not have to fulfill core requirements). A Combined Studies student refers to someone who intersects across 2 or 3 departments.swheresa regular English student only takes classes in English for their entire degree, a Combined Studies student might take ? in English and ? in History.

　　Community school

　　State schools in England and Wales which are wholly owned and maintained by the local education authority. The local education authority is the admissions authority - it has main responsibility for deciding arrangements for admitting pupils.

　　Controlled Schools

　　Schools in Northern Ireland which come under the control of Education and Library Boards.

　　County Schools

　　State schools in England and Wales which are wholly owned and maintained by local education authorities

　　course

　　The particular program of study in which a student intends to receive a degree. "I am on the Geography course" translates in US terms to "I am a Geography major."

　　EdExcel Formerly (BTEC)

　　Can be taken in lieu of GCSE and A-Levels. The EdExcel qualifications are awarded in subjects such as computer studies, business, engineering, catering, travel and tourism. The programs combine theory and practice, giving students practical experience. EdExcel offers both certificate and diploma courses as well as General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs).

　　European Economic Area (EEA)

　　The European countries that qualify as members of the EEA are: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom. Students normally resident in thissgroupsmay qualify for local tuition fees.

　　Higher's (Scotland)

　　Equivalent to A-Levels, though Scottish students tend to study more subjects than their counterparts in the rest of the UK. Higher's courses are only one year, usually commencing at age 17

　　Lectures

　　Lectures are intensive sessions in which Lecturer will typically take you through a lot of material. you are expected to take notes - which will help you understand the contents of material as well as for future and further revision.

　　marks

　　Grades referring to the score received for any particular class, usually in the form of a number or a letter.

　　module

　　A particular course/class of study. Most modules last 1 semester but some last a full academic year. The amount of credit received for a particular module depends upon the university attended.

　　module leader

　　Person charged with overseeing the proceedings of a particular module. Often, but not always, the instructor of the classes.

　　O-levels (Ordinary Levels)

　　Replaced by the GCSE 10 years ago, these were 2-year courses leading to examinations.

　　preparatory school

　　The upper-division of independently run primary schools for children between the ages of 7 and 13,swheresthe last 2 years are spent 'preparing' for the common entrance exam (CE)sintossecondary school.

　　pre-preparatory school

　　The lower-division of primary school for children from the ages of 2 through 7.

　　primary school

　　The first half of compulsory education in the UK for students from the ages of 5 to 11 for state schools, and 2 to 13 in independent schools.

　　Prospectus

　　A school's prospectus is a brochure containing useful facts and figures, which the governing body must publish each year for parents and prospective parents. Ministers set minimum requirements for content, so that parents can easily make comparisons between different schools. Copies will be available at the school for reference or free of charge to parents on request.

　　Pro-Vice-Chancellor

　　The Vice-President of a UK university, second only to the Vice-Chancellor. Very often there is more than one Pro-Vice-Chancellor.

　　Public School (Independent School)

　　Schools that are not maintained from public funds but usually by tuition fees

　　Sandwich Course

　　A training course with alternate periods of formal instruction and practical experience

　　Seminars:

　　A form of accessing and discussing a specific topic using variety of communication means such as projectors, black boards, charts, speech.

　　sixth form college

　　Separate schools for the final two years of school (US 11th and 12th grades) at which students can take A-levels and other qualifications.

　　specialist college

　　Further education colleges which offer alternative courses such as Agriculture or Art & Design.

　　Special Schools

　　State schools in England and Wales which are provided by local education authorities for certain children with special educational needs.

　　Specialist Schools

　　This type of school includes technology, languages, sports and art colleges operating in England.

　　Specialist Schools Programme

　　Additional funding enables secondary schools to develop strengths in a particular subject area, supported by local industry and in partnership with local schools and the wider community to share resources and expertise, while still delivering a National Curriculum-based education.

　　State Schools

　　Otherwise known as publicly funded schools and attended by over 90 per cent of pupils. Parents do not pay any fees. Scottish state schools are maintained and controlled by the local education authority.

　　Term

　　An 8 to 12 week academic period of study. There are normally three terms in a UK academic year.

　　tutorial

　　The regular meeting of a smallsgroupsof students created from subdividing the original, much larger, classsintossections.swheresthe larger class meets solely for lectures, the smaller tutorial allows for more concentrated discussion of lecture topics, with more time and attention to individual questions and concerns.

　　tutorial college

　　Independently run colleges, incorporating A-level qualifications, similar to sixth form college.

　　University College

　　Higher education institution that possesses its own degree awarding powers

　　Validated courses

　　Colleges which do not have their own degree awarding powers, may provide courses which lead to a degree of a 'recognized' institution. These are 'validated courses'.

　　Vice-Chancellor

　　The leader of a UK university. Confusion comes from 'vice' implying second in command, as with the US term 'vice' president. However, in the UK, the Vice-Chancellor is first in command and the Pro-Vice-Chancellor(s) is/are second.

　　Voluntary aided school

　　Schools in England and Wales which are maintained by the Local Education Authority, with a foundation (generally religious) which appoints most of the governing body. The governing body is the admissions authority.

　　Voluntary controlled school

　　Schools in England and Wales which are maintained by the Local Education Authority, with a foundation (generally religious) which appoints some - but not most - of the governing body. The LEA is the admissions authority.

　　Voluntary grammar schools

　　Grant-maintained, integrated schools in Northern Ireland which take both Protestant and Roman Catholic pupils

　　Voluntary Maintained Schools

　　Schools in Northern Ireland which are mainly managed by the Catholic Church.

　　2.留学住宿

　　Baths and showers

　　The majority of University accommodation is equipped with showers, although baths are available in the Halls of Residence and most family accommodation. All en-suite bathrooms are fitted with showers.

　　Double Room

　　A bedroom with one double bed, for occupancy by two persons (a couple).

　　En-suite facilities

　　Individual private bathroom facilities, located in the student's bedroom, for his or her own use. This usually consists of a private toilet, washbasin, and shower.

　　Family Flat

　　Two/three bedroom accommodation for occupancy by a single student or a couple with children or other dependants.

　　Flats, Houses(University owned and private accommodation)

　　Flats and houses are shared with asgroupsof people or you can own yourself. Flats usually have 3 to 5 single study bedrooms, a kitchen, dining room, bathroom and toilet. These type of accommodation are helpful once you have made some friends.

　　These type of accommodation gives you absolute freedom: you can come and go as you please, cook your own food. But remember, in the UK, there are no servant maids and hence all students must learn to cook and clean.

　　It's a good idea to choose a furnished accommodation, because it is expensive to purchase/rent furniture, refrigerator, freezer, washing machine, cooking utensils, sheets and towels.

　　Electricity, Gas, Telephone and Water charges are not usually included in the rent, and are calculated on a monthly basis. Usually you are required to sign in 'lease agreement' and pay deposit.

　　Halls of residence

　　These are what could be termed "dorms" in North America. Halls of residence are owned and managed by the institutions. Usually these are centrally heated, single study bedrooms with shared bathroom, sporting and recreational facilities. But en-suite shower/toilet facilities are becoming common these days.

　　Halls offer a great deal of privacy and at the same time give you the opportunity to socialise with a large number of people. Halls of residence are either single sex (male or female only) or mixed (both male and female).

　　Many halls provide you a bed, a desk, a desk chair, an easy chair, a wardrobe, carpets, curtains, bookshelves and a washbasin. An electric socket may also be provided for the use of computer, printer, television, desktop lamp, stereo. Many also give a refrigerator and a telephone connection - capable of receiving and making internal, national and international calls.

　　You can bring anything as you wish to make your room as your home. You can bring/hire computer, television, posters, stereo, lamps, dolls, curtains etc.

　　Usually the rent includes electricity, & heating.

　　There are two types of halls: Catered and Self-catered.

　　Catered halls usually serve breakfast and dinner during week-days and three meals a day during week-ends. In some places, access to kitchen is allowed to prepare hot drinks and snacks.

　　In Self-catered halls, you have to cook your own food. Many provide you crockery and cutlery or arrange for the same at a reasonable price.

　　During Vacations: For international students who cannot go home during vacations like Christmas and Easter, accommodation may still be available. Extra charge may be made, although some offer it free of charge. Catering services may not be available but you may have access to Kitchen to make your own food. If you are going home for the holidays, check out whether your accommodation has a storage space to store your luggage, as they are considered more secure.

　　Homestay

　　Homestay accommodation provides you an opportunity to live with a local family. It offers you a wonderful opportunity to explore a different culture, lifestyle than that of yours and a quick way to integratesintosBritish society. Many British families offer homestay accommodation to international students. You probably have to share the bathroom and kitchen facilities, but offered an individual study bedroom.

　　There are two types of arrangements possible: (1) you cook your own meals (2) the host cooks meals for you. If you decide to cook your own food, have a look at the cooking facilities available, as this is usually very basic.

　　Residence Agreement or Tenancy Agreement or Lease

　　When you take up residence in private owned accommodation, you may be asked to sign a 'residence agreement' or 'tenancy agreement' or 'lease'. Usually this is a legal agreement between you and the owner of the property that commits you to taking the accommodation for a full term (usually 6 months or 1 year) for a mutually agreed rent, that you will not be allowed to withdraw from residence unless there are exceptional circumstances. Do not sign the contract if you do not understand anything. If you are unsure, consult your institution Accommodation officer for help and advice.

　　Shared bathroom

　　Any bathroom facility (including toilets, showers, and/or baths), the use of which is shared by two or more students. This is a common arrangement in all types of accommodation at Newcastle University and is in contrast to en-suite facilities.

　　Single Room

　　A bedroom with one single bed, for occupancy by one person.

　　Twin (or shared) Room

　　A bedroom with two single beds, for occupancy by two single persons.

　　University Apartments

　　University apartments are usually reserved for married students and visiting faculties. If you are thinking of moving your family with you, then you have to apply early, since these types of accommodation are very limited (and hence always in demand) in the UK.

　　Without washbasin

　　the study bedroom does not have its own washbasin and students would share the washbasin in the communal bathroom (see above).

　　With washbasin

　　as well asshavingsthe use of a shared bathroom, there is a washbasin in the study bedroom, solely for use by that occupant.

　　3.签证和移民

　　Adjudicator

　　The person who considers and makes a decision in relation to immigration appeals

　　Asylum

　　Allowing a refugee to stay in a country to avoid threat of persecution in his or her own country.

　　British diplomatic post

　　A British embassy, high commission or consulate overseas.

　　Deportation order

　　Ansgroupsauthorising the removal of a foreign national from the United Kingdom and preventing them from coming back to the United Kingdom.

　　Direct airside transit visa

　　A visa issued solely to permit a person to pass through an airport in the UK on the way to their final destination. It does not allow them to enter the United Kingdom.

　　Entry clearance

　　A collective term for:

　　·visas;

　　·entry certificates; and

　　·family permits for family members of EEA nationals.

　　British diplomatic posts overseas issue entry clearance which acts as evidence of a person's eligibility for entrysintosthe United Kingdom. As of now, visas and entry certificates (with the exception of Direct Airside Transit Visas and exempt visas) will give the holder leave to enter the UK.

　　European Union (EU)

　　The member states of the European Union are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom.

　　European Economic Area (EEA)

　　Countries that are members of the European Union together with Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Nationals of these countries can move freely between, and work in, all countries.

　　Exceptional leave to remain

　　This is a discretionary status granted by the Home Secretary. It can be granted for various reasons, but is most usually granted for compassionate or humanitarian reasons.

　　Further leave to remain

　　An extension of permission to stay granted to someone who is already in the United Kingdom

　　Immigration Officer (IO)

　　A person who controls the entry of foreign nationalssintosthe United Kingdom.

　　The Immigration Rules

　　The rules to be followed in the administration of the Immigration Acts.

　　Indefinite leave to remain

　　Permission to stay in the United Kingdom permanently.

　　Joint Entry Clearance Unit (JECU)

　　Now known as UK visas

　　Landing card

　　A card recording personal details to be completed on arriving in the United Kingdom by all non-EU/EEA passengers.

　　Leave to enter

　　Permission to enter the United Kingdom.

　　Leave to remain

　　Permission to stay in the United Kingdom.

　　Naturalisation

　　A way of applying for British citizenship which is open to people who have indefinite leave to remain and have lived in the United Kingdom for a minimum period.

　　Overseas Labour Service (OLS)

　　Now known as Work Permits (UK).

　　Presenting Officer

　　An officer who presents the Home Office case in an immigration appeal before an adjudicator.

　　Public funds

　　For the purposes of immigration, public funds are defined as:

　　·Income Support or Jobseeker's allowance;

　　·housing and homelessness assistance;

　　·Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit;

　　·Working families' Tax Credit;

　　·a social fund payment;

　　·Child benefit; and

　　·disability allowance.

　　Refugee

　　A person who, because of fear of persecution on grounds such as race, religion or political reasons, is outside the country of his or her nationality and is unable or unwilling to return.

　　Right of abode

　　The right to live and work in the United Kingdom. A person who has right of abode is free to enter and leave the United Kingdom.

　　Settlement

　　Permission to stay in the United Kingdom permanently (another term for 'indefinite leave to remain')

　　Third country

　　A country whose authorities agree to allow an asylum seeker to go there from the United Kingdom and to determine the asylum seeker's claim for asylum. A third country is not the United Kingdom and is not the asylum seeker's own country.

　　Travel document

　　A document used to travel and gain entry to other countries.