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These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us.It has been shown that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.
The dictionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”;“enemy” ; “one who opposes your interests”. Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every action, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not considered then wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet Tshirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”
In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.
The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague” ; “friend” ; “companion”. Reflect a moment ! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term “associate” rather than “opponent.”
【2005年6月】
“撕碎他们!”“杀了那些笨蛋！”“干掉裁判！”
这些话语在各种体育赛场上均能听到。说这些话的人，往往觉得自己很无辜。但我们不是三岁小孩，我们深知如此过激行为常会导致流血冲突。关于言辞如何影响我们的书本卷帙浩繁。业已证实，言语的某些特定含义往往会致使我们以迥异于日常行为的方式做出反应。“对手”一词便是一例，或许将该词从体育术语中删去的时刻已经到来。
词典里关于“对手”一词的定义是：“对抗者”，“敌人”，“一个与自身利益相对立的人”。因此，当参赛者遭遇对手时，往往会把对方看成敌人。此刻，获胜已主宰了个人理智；因此，不管个人行为多么粗俗，参赛者都会认为合情合理。这让我们回想起发生在一场手球比赛场的事件：裁判拒绝一位参赛者停止比赛去换副手套的请求，因为裁判认为那副手套不够湿，不一定非得要换。此时，那位参赛者把手套在其湿淋淋的T恤衫上擦抹一番后，对裁判吼道：“这下够湿了吧？”
在一场激烈的比赛中，时常会观察到参赛者被罚下场，他们也许未曾想过这种惩罚会对他人产生何种后果。我也曾亲睹一位参赛者蓄意以最狠的方式将球投向他的对手去伤害对方。赛场之外，他们是好朋友。这有何启示呢？可以肯定的是，这证明了球场上的行为举止与日常行为截然不同。Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.
因此，我认为现在需要将比赛提升至一更高水平，从而给体育界树立典范。以“伙伴”取代“对手”或许就是一个好的开端。
词典里关于“伙伴”的定义是：“同事”，“朋友”，“同伴”。显然，如此一来，你将不会把对手当作敌人来看待，赛场风气就会大为改观。
1. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?
A)Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.
B)The words people use can influence their behavior.
C)Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.
D)Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.
2. Harsh words are spoken during games because the players.
A)are too eager to win
B)are usually shorttempered and easily offended
C)cannot afford to be polite in fierce competition
D)treat their rivals as enemies
3. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?
A)He refused to continue the game.
B)He angrily hit the referee with a ball.
C)He claimed that the referee was unfair.
D)He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his Tshirt.
4. According to the passage, players, in a game, may.
A)deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their way
B)keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game
C)lie down on the ground as an act of protest
D)kick the ball across the court with force
5. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by.
A)calling on players to use clean language on the court
B)raising the referee’s sense of responsibility
C)changing the attitude of players on the sports field
D)regulating the relationship between players and referees
tearn. 泪，泪水，泪珠v. 撕，扯，撕碎，撕裂，撕下，扯掉n.破洞，裂口
【考点】in tears 流着泪，含着泪，在哭着；
tear at 撕，扯；
tear away (使)勉强离去；
tear down 拆掉，拆除；
tear into 攻击，抨击；
tear up 撕毁
eventn.①事件，重大事件 ②(运动会的)比赛项目
【考点】at all events 不管怎么样，无论如何；
in any event 不管怎样，无论如何；
in the event 结果，到头来；
in the event that 万一，倘若；
in the event of 万一，倘若
【辨析】event，accident，incident，occurrence：
event 指重大事件，特指历史事件；
accident “事故”，指发生的意想不到的不幸事故;
incident 指附属的、不重要的事;
occurrence “事件”，指偶然发生的事，尤指普通日常发生的事。
innocentadj. ①清白的，无罪的 ②幼稚的，无知的 ③无害的，没有恶意的
【考点】be innocent of 没有做……，无辜
【词根】～=in(not)+noc(to harm)+ent(词尾)
leadv. ①带路，指引，领导 ②领先，带头vi. ①通向 ②导致
【考点】lead to 通向，导致；
lead sb. to do 让某人做；
lead sb. (in) doing 带领某人做
reactvi.①反应，作出反应 ②（~against）反对， 反其道而行 ③(~with)起化学作用
【考点】react to sth.(by doing sth.)起反应，（对……）作出反应，回应
react against sb./sth.反对，反抗
【词根】～=re(back)+act(to act)
delete vt. 删除，擦掉
【考点】delete sth.from sth.从……上删除
【派生】deletion n. 删除
tendvt. 照料，看管，照管，管理vi. ①倾向，向，趋于 ②易于
【考点】tend to/towards 倾向于，趋于
treatv. ①对待，看待，视为 ②讨论，论及 ③治疗，治病 ④处理 ⑤款待，招待，宴请n. 宴请，款待，招待
【考点】treat of探讨
treat sb./sth. with/as/like sth.以……态度对待，以……方式对待
treat sth.as sth.把……看作，视为
treat sth.with sth.处理，保护，保存
treat sb./yourself to sth.招待，请客
treat sb. like dirt视某人如草芥，蔑视
a treat极为有效，棒极了
【派生】treatable adj. 可治疗的
treatment n.治疗；待遇；处理
treaty n.条件，协定
gross adj. ①总的 ②严重的，显著的 ③粗俗的，粗野的 ④臃肿的vt.获得……总收入(或毛利)
【考点】gross national product(GNP) 国民生产总值
【辨析】gross，total：
gross用在专用财务报表中，表明尚未扣除成本、杂费等；
total表示无任何保留地，绝对地。
request n. 要求，请求v. 要求，请求
【考点】at someone’s request 应某人之要求；
by request (of) 依照……的要求；
in (great) request 流行，大众所需的；
on request 应……的要求；
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事；
request sth. from/of sb. 要求某人做某事
【词根】～=re(again)+quest(to seek)
proceed vi. ①继续前进，继续下去 ②前进
【考点】proceed to do sth. 继续做(另一件事);
proceed with sth. 继续进行;
proceed against 控诉
【词根】～=pro(before)+ceed(to go)
rub v. ①擦，揉，磨 ②抚摩，按摩 ③摩擦
【考点】rub out 擦掉，拭去;
rub away 擦掉，磨去;
rub down 按摩，用力擦遍;
rub off 擦掉，磨去;
rub sth. in 反复提及令人不快的事
exclaim v.惊叫，呼喊，大声说
【辨析】exclaim，shout，cry，scream：
exclaim“叫喊”，是指由于惊讶、痛苦、高兴等而高声叫喊;
shout 指表示惊奇、喜悦而发出的叫喊，也指予以警告、注意而发出的叫喊；
cry 大多数指无意的叫声或哭声,一般用语;
scream “尖叫”，因痛苦、恐怖突然大叫。
courtn. ①法庭，法院 ②(网球)球场 ③庭院，院子
【考点】basketball/tennis court 篮球场/网球场;
court ball 宫廷舞会
consequencen.①结果，后果 ②重要性
【考点】in consequence 因此，结果;
in consequence of 由于……原因
witness n. ①目击者 ②(法律上的)证人 ③证据，证言，证明v. ①亲眼见到，目击，目睹 ②连署，作……连署人
【考点】be(a)witness to sth.目击，看见（某事发生）
bear/give witness (to sth.)为……作证，证明
【关联】witness box 证人席
illegal adj. 不合法的，非法的，违规的
【关联】反义词：legal
【派生】illegality n. 违法
attituden. ①(与to,toward连用)态度，看法 ②姿势
【考点】attitude of mind 心态问题
with attitude 自我陶醉
strike an attitude摆出某种姿态
【派生】attitudinal adj.态度上的
replacev. ①取代，代替 ②更换，替换 ③把……放回原处
【考点】replace sb./sth.with/by sb./sth.(用……)替换，（以……）接替
【派生】replaceable adj. 可替换的，可代替的
replacement n.替换，更换；替代物（者）
companion n. 同伴，同事
【辨析】friend,acquaintance,companion:
friend 亲密的朋友;
acquaintance 熟人，点头之交;
companion 既有朋友之意，也有熟人的意思。
differencen. ①差别，冲突 ②争论，不和
【考点】make a difference 有影响，很重要;
make no difference 没有差别
common adj. ①普通的，一般的 ②共同的，共用的
【考点】in common 共同地
【关联】复合词： commonplace adj.平凡的，陈腐的；commonsense adj. 常识上的，有常识的； commonwealth 共和国，共同体
actionn.①行动，行动过程 ②作用，功能
【考点】take action 采取行动
action on 在……起作用
【关联】近义词：activity，effect,functioning,influence
wordn. ①字词，单词 ②话语，言词，谈话 ③消息，讯息，信息 ④诺言，保证
【考点】in a word 简言之
in other words 换句话说
word for word 逐字地
startn. ①启程，动身，开始，着手 ②开始的优先权，优先地位 ③(因吃惊、恐惧等)跳起，惊起，吃惊v. ①出发，启程，动身 ②开始，着手 ③创始，起始，创办 ④发动，引起，使产生，使开始 ⑤惊起，跳起，突然活动跳起
【考点】start off 开始活动
start out 开始，着手
start up 惊起，惊跳；突然出现，崛起； 开动,发动
to start with 首先，开始
【关联】
近义词：
outset,beginning,lead,advantage,jump,depart,begin,found,originate,jump,jerk
反义词：goal,finish
come (came ) vi. ①来，来到 ②经过 ③达到，至 ④产生(于)，来(自) ⑤变成，实现 ⑥开始 ⑦发生，出现(于)，位(于)
【考点】come about 发生，产生;
come across 偶然遇到，碰上
come along 出现，发生；进步，进展；
come apart 破碎，崩溃
come around/round ①苏醒，复原 ②顺便来访
come at ①攻击，冲向 ②达到，了解
come between ①分开，离间 ②妨碍(某人做某事)；
come by ①得到，获得 ②访问，看望
come down①(物价等)下跌 ②落魄，潦倒；
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