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Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(20 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C), and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example:You will hear:
You will read:
A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours.
D) 5 hours.
From the conversation, we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 ' o ' clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “ 5 hours ” is the correct answer. You should choose on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer ［ A ］ ［ B ］ ［ C ］ ［ D ］
1. A) The lecture for next Monday is cancelled.
B) The lecture wasn ' t as successful as expected.
C) The woman doesn ' t want to attend the lecture.
D) The woman may attend next Monday ' s lecture.
2. A) The woman has a very tight budget.
B) He does not think the fur coat is worth buying.
C) He ' s willing to lend the woman money for the fur coat.
D) The woman is not careful enough in planning her spending.
3. A) Clean the kitchen.
B) Ask someone to fix the sink.
C) Find a bigger apartment for the lady.
D) Check the work done by the maintenance man.
4. A) The lens. B) The price.
C) The flash.D) The leather case.
5. A) She needs another haircut soon.
B) She thinks it worthwhile to try Sadermale ' s.
C) She knows a less expensive place for a haircut.
D) She would like to make an appointment for the man.
6. A) The woman doesn ' t want to cook a meal.
B) The woman wants to have a picnic.
C) The woman has a poor memory.
D) The woman likes Mexican food.
7. A) Everyone enjoyed himself at John ' s panics. B) The woman didn ' t enjoy John ' s parties at all.
C) It will be the first time for the man to attend John ' s party.
D) The woman is glad to be invited to John ' s house-warming party.
8. A) She lacks confidence in herself.
B) She is not interested in computer programming.
C) She has never signed up for any competition before.
D) She is sure to win the programming contest.
9. A) The man has an enormous amount of work to do.
B) The man has made plans for his vacation.
C) The man ' ll take work with him on his vacation.
D) Work stacked up during the man ' s last vacation.
10. A) She likes the job of feeding fish.
B) She finds her new job interesting.
C) She feels unfit for her new job.
D) She ' s not in good health.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.A) Rally support for their movement.
B) Liberate women from tedious housework.
C) Claim their rights to equal job opportunities.
D) Express their anger against sex discrimination.
12. A) It will bring a lot of trouble to the local people.
B) It is a popular form of art.
C) It will spoil the natural beauty of their surroundings.
D) It is popular among rock stars.
13. A) To show that mindless graffiti can provoke violence.
B) To show that Londoners have a special liking for graffiti.
C) To show that graffiti, in some cases, can constitute a crime.
D) To show that graffiti can make the environment more colorful.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) The Asian elephant is easier to tame.
B) The Asian elephant ' s skin is more valuable.
C) The Asian elephant is less popular with tourists.
D) The Asian elephant produces ivory of a better quality.
15.A) From the captured or tamed elephants.
B) From the British wildlife protection group.
C) From elephant hunters in Thailand and Burma .
D) From tourists visiting the Thai-Burmese border.
16. A) Their taming for circuses and zoos.
B) The destruction of their natural homes.
C) Man ' s lack of knowledge about their behavior.
D) The greater vulnerability to extinction than other species.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) They had lost their jobs as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
B) They had been suffering from political and religious oppression.
C) They wanted to flee from the widespread famine in Northern Europe.
D) They wanted to make a fortune there by starting their own businesses.
18. A) They might lose control of their members because of the increase in immigration. B) Their members might find it difficult to get along with the newcomers.
C) The working condition of their members might deteriorate.
D) Their members might lose their jobs to the newcomers.
19. A) To impose restrictions on further immigration.
B) To improve the working conditions of immigrants.
C) To set a minimum wage level for new immigrants.
D) To put requirements on languages for newcomers.
20. A) They were looked down upon by European immigrants.
B) They had a hard time seeking equal job opportunities.
C) They worked very hard to earn a decent living.
D) They strongly opposed continued immigration.
Part Ⅱ
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
In 1985 when a Japan Air Lines (JAL) jet crashed, its president, Yasumoto Takagi, called each victim ' s family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. And in 1987, when a subsidiary of Toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former Soviet Union , the chairman of Toshiba gave up his post.
These executive actions, which Toshiba calls “ the highest form of apology, ” may seem bizarre to US managers. No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair.
The difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation. While US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, Japanese executives delegate only authority — the responsibility is still theirs. Although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the Soviets had its own management, the Toshiba top executives said they “ must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the Toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary. ”
Such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in Japan . School principals in Japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. Even if they do not quit, Japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. Such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the Japanese way of doing business.
Harvard Business School professor George Lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “ almost a feudal ( 封建的 ) way of purging ( 清除 ) the community of dishonor, ” and to some in the United States, such resignations look cowardly. However, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many US managers would probably welcome an infusion ( 灌输 ) of the Japanese sense of responsibility. If, for instance, US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character.
21. Why did the chairman of Toshiba resign his position in 1987?
A) Because in Japan , the leakage of a state secret to Russians is a grave crime.
B) Because he had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.
C) Because in Japan , the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries.
D) Because he had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.
22.According to the passage if you want to be a good manager in Japan , you have to ____.
A) apologize promptly for your subordinates ' mistakes
B) be skillful in accepting blames from customers
C) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary
D) create a strong sense of company loyalty
23.What ' s Professor George Lodge ' s attitude towards the resignations of Japanese corporate leaders?
A) Sympathetic. C) Critical.B) Biased. D) Approving.
24. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A) Boeing had nothing to do with the JAL air crash in 1985.
B) American executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable.
C) School principals bear legal responsibility for students ' crimes.
D) Persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn ' t help solve corporate crises.
25.The passage is mainly about ____.
A) resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises
B) the importance of delegating responsibility to employees
C) ways of evading responsibility in times of crises
D) the difference between two business cultures
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
As machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. The main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something that would be fairly harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. It is a price we pay for equality.
Before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years — and remains so. The story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. In New York city in 1900, according to the Car Culture,a 1975 book by J. Flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 million pounds of manure( 粪 )and 60,000 gallons of urine ( 尿 ) every day. Every year, the city aut horities had to remove an average of 15,000 dead horses from the streets, it made cars smell of roses.
Cars were also wonderfully flexible. The main earlier solution to horse pollution and traffic jams was the electric trolley bus ( 电车 ). But that required fixed overhead wires, and rails and platforms, which were expensive, ugly, and inflexible. The car could go from any A to any B, and allowed towns to develop in all directions with low-density housing, rather than just being concentrated along the trolley or rail lines. Rural areas benefited too, for they became less remote.
However, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s, experts have predicted — wrongly — that the car boom was about to end. In his book Mr. Flink argued that by 1973 the American market had become saturated, at one car for every 2.25 people, and so had the markets of Japan and Western Europe (because of land shortages). Environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves would prohibit mass car use anywhere else.
He was wrong. Between 1970 and 1990, whereas America ' s population grew by 23%, the number of cars on its roads grew by 60%. There is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for every 2.1 in Japan , one for every 5.3 in Britain . Around 550 million cars are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and mocorcyeles, and about 50 million new ones are made each year worldwide. Will it go on? Undoubtedly, because people want it to.
26.As is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that ____.
A) poor people can ' t afford it
B) it is too expensive to maintain
C) too many people are using it
D) it causes too many road accidents
27. According to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because ____.
A) it didn ' t break down as easily as a horse
B) it had a comparatively pleasant odor
C) it caused less pollution than horses
D) it brightened up the gloomy streets
28. What impact did the use of cars have on society?
A) People were compelled to leave downtown areas.
B) People were able to live in less crowded suburban areas.
C) Business along trolley and rail lines slackened.
D) City streets were free of ugly overhead wires.
29.Mr. Flink argued in his book that cars would not be widely used in other countries because ____.
A) the once booming car market has become saturated
B) traffic jams in those countries are getting more and more serious
C) expensive motorways are not available in less developed countries
D) people worry about pollution and the diminishing oil resources
30.What ' s wrong with Mr. Flink ' s prediction?
A) The use of automobiles has kept increasing worldwide.
B) New generations of cars are virtually pollution free.
C) The population of America has not increased as fast.
D) People ' s environmental concerns are constantly increasing.
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating ( 毁灭性的 ) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotiomal tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.
Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
At Tulane University ' s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication( 药物 ), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “ dry eye ” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
At Columbia University Dr. Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
31. It is known from the first paragraph that ____.
A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American
B) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy
C) crying usually wins sympathy from other people
D) one who sheds tears in public will be blamed
32. What does “ both those responses to tears ” (Line 5, Para, 1) refer to?
A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.
B) The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.
C) The tear shedder ' s apology and the observer ' s effort to stop the crying.
D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
33. “ Counterproductive ” (Lines 5, Para,1) very probably means “ ____ ” .
A) having no effect at all
B) leading to tension
C) producing disastrous impact
D) harmful to health
34. What does the author say about crying?
A) It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.
B) It must have a role to play in man ' s survival.
C) It is meant to get attention and assistance.
D) It usually produces the desired effect.
35. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?
A) Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.
B) Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.
C) Emotional tears can give rise to “ dry eye ” syndrome in some cases.
D) Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance you ' ve got to work hard. However, hard training breaks you down and makes you weaker, it is rest that makes you stronger. Improvement only occurs during the rest period following hard training. This adaptation is accomplished by improving efficiency of the heart and certain systems within the muscle cells. During recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. The result is that you are now at a higher level of performance.
If sufficient rest is not included in a training program, imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. The “ overtraining syndrome( 综合症 ) ” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. It is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods.
The most common symptom is fatigue. This may limit workouts and may be present at rest. The athletes may also become moody, easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport. Some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. Physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness, increased frequency of viral ( 病毒性的 ) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries. The treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. The longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required, therefore, early detection is very important. If the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. It is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. Otherwise, the overtraining syndrome is likely to recur. The overtraining syndrome should be considered in any athlete who manifests symptoms of prolonged fatigue and whose performance has leveled off or decreased. It is important to exclude any underlying illness that may be responsible for the fatigue.
36.The first paragraph of the passage tells us that ____.
A) the harder an athlete trains, the better his performance will be
B) rest after vigorous training improves an athlete ' s performance
C) strict systematic training is essential to an athlete ' s top performance
D) improvement of an athlete ' s performance occurs in the course of training
37.By “ overtraining ” the author means ____.
A) a series of physical symptoms that occur after training
B) undue emphasis on the importance of physical exertion
C) training that is not adequately compensated for by rest
D) training that has exceeded an athlete ' s emotional limits
38.What does the passage tell us about the “ overtraining ” syndrome?
A) It occurs when athletes lose interest in sports.
B) It appears right after a hard training session.
C) The fatigue it results in is unavoidable in the athlete ' s training process.
D) It manifests itself in fatigue which lingers even after a recovery period.
39. What does the phrase “ level off ” (Line 5, Para.4)most probably mean?
A) Slow down.
B) Become dull.
C) Stop improving.
D) Be on the decline.
40.The author advises at the end of the passage that ____.
A) overtraining syndrome should be treated as a serious illness
B) overtraining syndrome should be prevented before it occurs
C) an athlete with overtraining syndrome should take a lengthy rest
D) illness causing fatigue should not be mistaken for overtraining syndrome
Part Ⅲ
Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D).Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41.These were stubborn men. not easily ____ to change their mind.
A) tilted B) convertedC) persuaded D) suppressed
42. The circus has always been very popular because it ____ both the old and the young.
A) facilitatesB) fascinates C) immersesD) indulges
43.By patient questioning the lawyer managed to ____enough information from the witnesses.
A) evacuateB) withdraw C) impart D) elicit
44. George enjoys talking about people ' s private affairs. He is a ____.
A) solicitor B) coward C) gossipD) rebel
45. The new secretary has written a remarkably ____report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included.
A) conciseB) brisk C) precise D) elaborate
46. His face ____as he came in after running all the way from school.
A) flaredB) fluctuated C) flutteredD) flushed
47.Steel is not as ____ as cast iron; it does not break as easily.
A) elasticB) brittle C) adaptableD) flexible
48.A big problem in learning English as a foreign language is lack of opportunities for ____interaction with proficient speakers of English.
A) instantaneous B) provocativeC) verbal D) dual
49. Within ten years they have tamed the ____hill into green woods.
A) vacant B) barrenC) weird D) wasteful
50.The ____of our trip to London was the visit to Buckingham Palace .
A) summit B) heightC) peak D) highlight
51. Harold claimed that he was a serious and well-known artist, but in fact he was a(n) ____.
A) alien B) clientC) counterpart D) fraud
52.We don ' t ____any difficulties in completing the project so long as we keep within our budget.
A) foresee B) fabricateC) infer D) inhibit
53. He is looking for a job that will give him greater ____for his career development.
A) insightB) scope C) momentumD) phase
54.The high school my daughter studies in is ____our university.
A) linked byB) relevant to C) mingled with D) affiliated with
55.The Browns lived in a ____and comfortably furnished house in the suburbs.
A) spaciousB) sufficient C) wide D) wretched
56. A membership card ____the holder to use the club ' s facilities for a period of twelve months.
A) approves B) authorizesC) rectifies D) endows
57. They have done away with ____Latin for university entrance at Harvard.
A) influentialB) indispensable C) compulsory D) essential
58.It is no ____that a large number of violent crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol.
A) coincidence B) correspondenceC) inspiration D) intuition
59.One ' s university days often appear happier in ____than they actually were at the time.
A) retention B) retrospectC) return D) revere
60.She ____through the pages of a magazine, not really concentrating on them.
A) tumbledB) tossed C) switched D) flipped
61.Scientists are pushing known technologies to their limits in an attempt to ____more energy from the earth.
A) extractB) inject C) discharge D) drain
62. The Chinese Red Cross ____a generous sum to the relief of the victims of the earthquake in Turkey .
A) administeredB) elevated C) assessed D) contributed
63.The first sentence in this paragraph is ____; it can be interpreted in many ways.
A) intricate B) ambiguousC) duplicated D) confused
64.They used to quarrel a lot, but now they are completely ____with each other.
A) reconciledB) negotiated C) associated D) accommodated
65. The local business was not much ____by the sudden outbreak of the epidemic.
A) intervened B) insulatedC) hampered D) hoisted
66.The most important ____for assessment in this contest is originality of design.
A) threshold B) partition C) warrantD) criterion
67.The woman was worried about the side effects of taking aspirins. but her doctor ____her that it is absolutely harmless.
A) retrievedB) released C) reassured D) revived
68. We can ' t help being ____of Bob who bought a luxurious sports car just after the money was stolen from the office.
A) skepticalB) appreciative C) suspicious D) tolerant
69. He greatly resented the publication of this book. which he saw as an embarrassing invasion of his ____. A) privacyB) morality C) dignity D) secrecy
70. In fact as he approached this famous statue, he only barely resisted the ____to reach into his bag for his camera.
A) impatience B) impulseC) incentive D) initiative
Part Ⅳ
Error Correction (15 minutes )
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash in the blank.
Example ：
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods .Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a school subject are valid for study of television.
1. ____Time/times/period____
2.____/____
3.____the____
“ Home, sweet home ” is a phrase that expresses an essential attitude in the United States . Whether the reality of life in the family house is sweet or no sweet.The S1. cherished ideal of home has great importance for many people. This ideal is a vital part of the American dream. This dream, dramatized in the history of nineteenth century European settlers of the American West, was in find a piece of place, build a house for one ' s family, and S2. started a farm. These small households were portraits of S3. independence: the entire family -- mother, father, children,
even grandparents -- live in a small house and working S4.
together to support each other. Anyone understood the life S5.
and death, importance of family cooperation and hard work.
Although most people in the United States no longer
live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as S6.
strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth.
When U.S soldiers came home before World War II. for S7.
example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting
families. But there was a tremendous boom in home S8.
building. The new houses, typically it the suburbs, were
often small and more or less identical, but it satisfied S9.
a deep need. Many regarded the single-family
house the basis of their way of life. S10.
Part Ⅴ
Writing ( 30 minutes )
图表作文，关于一个美国大学图书馆的图书流动量（ pop fiction, general nonfiction, science, art 等），给出他们的流动比例对比，说明原因，并说明你自己喜欢阅读什么样的书。
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part I Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W: I ' m sorry I wasn ' t able to attend the lecture last Monday. I ' ve heard it was quite a success.
M: Well, you can make it up. Another presentation on the same topic is scheduled for the same time next Monday.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
2. W: I certainly would like to buy the fur coat I saw in the department store, but I don ' t have enough money.
M: Well, if you had budgeted your money better, you would be able to buy it now.
Q: What does the man imply?
3. W: Mr. Dahli, I ' ve just checked my new apartment. The kitchen sink is leaking.
M: Okay Donna. It ' s no big deal. I ' ll have a maintenance man come over and fix it right away.
Q: What will the man do?
4. M: I saw your adertisement in the morning paper concerning the XMO model. The lens seems to be excellent and the flash is not bad, but don ' t you think the price is a little steep?
W: I think it ' s a good buy. The price includes the leather case, you know.
Q: Why did the man dislike about the camera?
5. M: Can you believe I had to pay $ 30 for a haircut at Sadermale.
W: You should try the place where I go. It ' s only 15, but it takes a while to get an appointment.
Q: What does the woman mean?
6. W: I am completely exhausted. Why don ' t we dine out tonight? I don ' t remember the last time you took me out to dinner.
M: That ' s not a bad idea. There ' s a new Mexican restaurant around the corner. They say it ' s good.
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
7. M: Shall we go to John ' s house-warming party this weekend? Everyone is invited.
W: Well, you know what John ' s parties are like. Do you think I will go again?
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
8. M: The university is going to hold an interesting competition on computer programming. Many of my friends have signed up for it. How about you?
W: Do you think I could ever win anything if I took part in it?
Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the woman?
9. W: You ' ve been working like a horse. You should take a vacation.
M: Tell that to the stack of papers on my desk.
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
10. M: Hi, Mary. I haven ' t seen you in ages. How are you doing with your new job?
W: Not so well. I feel like a fish out of water doing that job.
Q: What does the woman mean?
Section B
Passage One
Graffiti is drawing or writing often found in a wall in public places. These drawings and writings are usually rude, humorous, or political. The words “ Graffiti ” comes from an Italian word meaning address. Graffiti provides a record of the past because people have written on walls for centuries. Cave drawings are the earliest examples we have of the art of graffiti.
Writing on walls is a way to comment on the world we live in. Women ' s liberation groups in Britain, for example, have used graffiti to show their anger at the sex discrimination of many advertisements where women ' s bodies are used to sell goods. Yesterday ' s graffiti can be toay ' s foreign attraction. When the Berlin wall came down in 1989, people found that it was covered with graffiti from all over the world. Graves of famous people, like rock - star Jim Morrison, are covered with written messages from fans.
Graffiti is also a popular art form. Graffiti pictures have gained respect in artistic circles. Today, graffiti is likely to be found hanging inside modern, New York apartments as well as in the downtown streets. In New York , graffiti pictures have been sold for hundreds of thousands of dollars. Graffiti artists have been paid to use their art to brighten up dull environments.
But graffiti can bring us trouble. Scenes of natural beauty and important landmarks have been spoiled by mindless graffiti. The London underground authority has spent about 2 million pounds a year on removing graffiti for trains and stations. If you are caught doing it, you can be sent to person. In Britain , the maximum sentence for this type of crime is ten years.
Whether you think graffiti is mindless violence against property, or a living art form, its popularity suggests that it is here to stay.
11. What do women ' s liberation groups in Britain do with graffiti?
12. hat do some New Yorkers think of graffiti?
13. Why does the speaker cite the example of graffiti in the London underground?
Passage Two
The Asian elephant is one of the world ' s rarest animal. Unfortunately, its sad condition has not been as well publicized as that of the African elephant. This is because Asian elephant ' s ivory supplies only a small percentage of the world ivory trade. In fact, we know very little about the Asian elephant. They live in the remote forests of southern Asia and it is therefore very difficult to study them. Most knowledge of Asian elephants is from those that have been captured, or tamed. Asian elephants are easier to tame than African elephants. The elephants you see in the circuses and zoos are nearly always Asian.
The major reason for the decline of Asian elephants is the harm to their forests. The huge incrcase in the human population has caused the destruction of the Asian forest for human population. As a result, the Asian elephants are compelled to scatter in different areas. Originally they lived all over the continent, but now there are only small isolated populations letf. These isolated elephant populations are vulnerable to extincition.
While Asian elephants are threatened by illegal capture and detaining, they are also killed for ivory and skin. In July 1990, a British wildlife group uncovered a black market for elephant skin. Elephants are shot in the forest along the border between Thailand and Burma , and their skin was sold to factories in Bangkok . Their skin is made into shoes, belts, suitcases, wallets, etc, to sell to tourists.
14. What ' s the difference between the Asian elephant and the African elephant?
15. Where does most knowledge of Asian elephants come from?
16. What ' s the major cause in the decline of Asian elephants?
Passage Three
After the early period of settlements, the first sharp increase in immigration took place in the 1830 ' s and 1840 ' s. This brought to America flocks of people from northern Europe who lost employment in the Industrial Revolution, and then a great number of Irish people who fled from famine. German political refugees arrived shortly after. Many immigrants from northern and western Europe settled on farms in the Middle-west. The Irish became construction laborers on roads, bridges, and railroads.
In the 1880 ' s, a tremendous flood of immigrants began corming in, this time largely from southern and eastern Europe . To most Americans, these newcomers seemed far more strange than the early settlers. Their languages, customs, and ways of life were very different from those of Americans. The newcomers moved into the poorest neighborhood of the large cities. They tended to stay together and cling to their old wasys. As they were accustomed to poverty, they were willing to work for very low wages. This made other workers, especially those in labor unions, afraid that the immigrants with the lower wage level would take jobs away from them. Indeed, organized labor became one of the key opponents of continued immigration.
This opposition finally lead to the posting of immigration law in the 1920 ' s, which restricted further immigration. In 1965, these unfair laws were replaced by a new immigration act, which granted equal opportunities to foreigners, regardless of their place of origin. Asians, like Koreans and Vietnamese, soon began to arrive. Many of these newcomers have worked very hard to establish themselves in their new land.
17. Why did northern European people come to settle down in the United States ?
18. What did the labor unions worry about?
19. What was the purpose of the immigration law passed in the 1920 ' s?
20. What do we know from the passage about Asian immigrants?
Section A
1 ． D
这是一个推断题。对话中女士遗憾没能出席上周一的演讲，并且还了解到那是一个精彩的演讲。男士就说你可以弥补（ you can make it up ）。而且还补充道“ Another presentation on the same topic is scheduled for the same time next Monday ”。从而可以推断出答案 D 。
2 ． D
这是一个虚拟语气的推理题。女士说她想买她在商店里看见的毛皮大衣，但却没有足够的钱。男士就说要是你过去对钱更好地进行计划的话，现在就肯定可以买得起了；言下之意显然是指该女士以前对花销没进行计划，就是答案 D 。
3 ． B
这也是一个推断题。女士说她新公寓的洗涤槽漏水。男士说那是小事一桩，“ I ' ll have a maintenance man come over and fix it right away ”。显然答案为 B 。
4 ． B
这是一个细节理解题。男士谈到 XMO 这款相机镜头好、闪光灯也不错，但“ don ' t you think the price is a little steep ？”。下文也提到“ The price includes the leather case, you know ”，可得出答案 B 。
5 ． C
这是一个理解题。男士对女士说你相信在 Sadermale 这个地方一次剪发要花 30 美元吗。女士就建议他试试她常去的地方，只要 15 美元，不过要预约罢了。显然 C 是正确答案。
6 ． A
这是一个语意推理题。女士说自己太累了，建议出去吃，还说好久没在外面就餐了。男士赞同。根据女士的话可以推断出她不想做饭。
7 ． B
这也是一个语意推理题。男士问周末是否去参加约翰的家庭联谊会。女士对男士说你知道约翰家的聚会什么样子吗，你以为我会再去吗，言下之意显然是不想再去了。
8 ． A
这也是一个语意推理题。男士说大学里要举行一个有趣的计算机编程比赛，他的好多朋友都报了名，并问女士是否参加。女士说自己参加又能赢得什么好处呢。显然是对自己缺乏信心。故答案为 A 。不过 B 也有一定迷惑性。
9 ． A
这还是一个语意推理题。女士对男士说你工作太辛苦了，应该休息休息。男士幽默地说你把这话对我桌子上那对文件说吧，言下之意就是工作太多，身不由己。故答案 A 。
10 ． C
这是一个语意理解题。“ a fish out of water ”意为“英雄无用武之地”。文中男士问女士工作得怎样，女士用这一短语回答，就是答案 C 所表达的意思。
Section B
Passage One
【短文大意】本文主要介绍粗糙雕刻或墙上乱画（ Graffiti ）这样一种艺术形式以及不同时期不同地方不同的人们和它的联系、对它的看法以及它带来的危害等。
11 ． D
这是一个细节理解题。文中提到“ Writing on walls is a way to comment on the world we live in ”，并举例说明（ Women ' s liberation groups in Britain, for example, have used graffiti to show their anger at the sex discrimination of many advertisements where women ' s bodies are used to sell goods ），就是答案 D 的意思。
12 ． B
这也是一个细节理解题。文中提到“ Graffiti is also a popular art form ”，也举例说明（ In New York, graffiti pictures have been sold for hundreds of thousands of dollars ），所以 B 是正确答案。
13 ． C
这还是一个细节理解题。文章提到“ But graffiti can bring us trouble ”，同样举例说明（ The London underground authority has spent about 2 million pounds a year on removing graffiti for trains and stations ），就是 C 表达的内容。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文讲述的是有关亚洲象的情况。亚洲象和非洲象一样，同属世界珍稀动物，但是它悲惨的生存环境不如非洲象那样被引起重视。接着还谈到了两种象的差异、我们了解亚洲象的渠道以及亚洲象减少的原因等。
14 ． A
这是一个细节题。文中虽然谈到人们对他们生存环境了解的差异，但涉及到两种象之间的差异，作者还是说到了“ Asian elephants are easier to tame than African elephants ”这样一个细节。所以答案为 A 。
15 ． A
这也是一个细节题。文中谈到我们对亚洲象了解的渠道时说“ In fact, we know very little about the Asian elephant. They live in the remote forests of southern Asia and it is therefore very difficult to study them ”。但是接着谈到“ Most knowledge of Asian elephants is from those that have been captured, or tamed ”。这就是 A 表达的内容。
16 ． B
这还是一个细节理解题。谈到亚洲象减少的主要原因，作者说“ The major reason for the decline of Asian elephants is the harm to their forests ”，而“ forests ”是他们自然生存的家。所以 B 是正确答案。
Passage Three
【短文大意】本文介绍的是有关美国移民增长的原因及移民增长带来的问题、对移民增长问题的对策以及亚裔移民主要状况等。
17 ． A
这是一个细节题。在描述美国早期移民情况时，作者谈到“ This brought to America flocks of people from northern Europe who lost employment in the Industrial Revolution ”，这就是早期北欧人移民美国定居的原因。即答案 A 所描述的内容。
18 ． D
这也是一个细节题。随着大量移民的涌入，而且他们一向趋于贫困，所以“ they were willing to work for very low wages ”。因此“ This made other workers, especially those in labor unions, afraid that the immigrants with the lower wage level would take jobs away from them ”。故答案 D 正确。
19 ． A
这还是一个细节题。上文提到大量移民的涌入，引起国内一些人（比如工会）的担忧甚至反对，接下来只要听出这个句子“ This opposition finally led to the posting of immigration law in the 1920 ' s, which restricted further immigration ”，就可以得出答案 A 。
20 ． C
这同样是一个细节题。只要听出文章最后两句话“ Asians, like Koreans and Vietnamese, soon began to arrive. Many of these newcomers have worked very hard to establish themselves in their new land ”，就可以得出答案 C 了。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】本文谈到日美商业文化的差异：美国的企业管理者会把责任和职权都交给员工，而日本的企业管理者会把职权交给员工，责任自己负。日本的这种做法有助于增强集体感以及员工对公司的忠诚。
21. C 细节题。从第三段的第二句可得知答案。美国主管将责任和权力同时给雇员，而日本主管只是将权力下放给雇员，责任仍然留给自己。这一句的 delegate 意思是授权，把……委托给别人。故在日本，即使子公司出错，公司总经理也要承担责任。
22 ． A 推理题。美国和日本的公司围绕 delegation （授权，委托）的解释，形成了不同的企业文化，而日本人无论是在公司还是学校，下属有错，第一负责人首先难辞其咎。
23 ． C 细节题。根据第五段的第一句可得知答案。哈佛商学院的这名教授称这种老一套接受他人责备的方法为封建式洗刷集体耻辱的方法。故选 C （苛评的）。
24. B 从第三段的第二句可得知答案。“ US executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees ”，美国的企业管理者会把责任和职权都交给员工，说明他们认为责任和职权是一体的。其他选项 A) 见第二段第二句“ No one at Boeing resigned after the JAL crash, which may have been caused by a faulty Boeing repair. ” C) 错在 legal ，校长不负法律责任； D) 与文中意思刚好相反，见最后一句。
25 ． D 考察对文章主旨的理解，只要理解全文就不难选对。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文谈到了汽车的发展：汽车产生之前，主要交通工具是马车。但马产生的排泄物造成很大污染、交通堵塞。电车的出现解决了马车的污染问题和交通堵塞。尽管使用起来很麻烦、昂贵，汽车还是发展起来了，而且在全球飞速发展。
26 ． B 第一段的第二句话：汽车的主要问题是普及以及随之而来的社会的费用。故选 B ，养车很花钱。
27 ． C 推理题。第二段：纽约能生产发出玫瑰气味的轿车，人们不用闻马排出的屎、尿的恶臭。
28 ． B 推理题。第三段：汽车可以从 A 地到 B 地，使得城镇朝各个方向发展，减少人口的稠密度。 low-density housing 低稠密居住条件。
29 ． D 细节题。第四段的最后一句：环境问题和减少的石油储藏会阻碍世界上任何其他地方汽车的普及。
30 ． A 推理题。第五段：用具体的数字说明 Mr. Flink 的预测错误 .
Passage Three
【短文大意】研究表明，眼泪对健康是有好处的：感情宣泄时流的眼泪中有两种独特的化学物质可以间接减轻压力；而且还可以通过眼泪诊断病情、追踪药物反映等。
31 ． A 细节题。第一段的第二句：眼泪，无论是出于悲伤，生气还是高兴，总是让美国人感到不舒服和尴尬。 Be … or …无论……还是（引导让步状语从句）。 typically 典型地；一直，往往。
32 ． C 推理题。根据上下文，对眼泪的那两个反映：当毁灭性的悲剧发生时，一方面流泪者可能要表示歉意；另一方面看到人流泪者会尽一切可能终止此情感的宣泄。
33 ． D counterproductive 产生相反结果的。根据上下文，对眼泪的那两个反映时常是不恰当。人们常常说哭多了会伤身体，实情未必如此。
34 ． B 细节题。第二段的第二句。既然进化很少会导致无目的的生理反映，我们可以逻辑性地认为：哭泣有一到多个功能 --- 增强生存性。 Few … purposeless 很少……无目的 , 双重否定表示肯定。
35 ． A 第四段的第一句：确实，新的研究表明，情绪激动流下的眼泪对减轻压力起着直接的作用。
Passage Four
【短文大意】体育训练中劳逸结合是很重要的，休息可以改善身体机能、缓解压力。如果运动员超负荷训练、休息不好，会引起“超负荷训练综合症”，症状表现为疲惫、情绪化、易怒、沮丧、失去斗志、食欲不振、体重下降等。最好的治疗方法是休息，而且要尽早发现病情。
36 ． B 细节题。第一段第二、三句：艰苦的训练会使你耗尽体力，身体虚弱，是休息让你身体强壮起来。成绩的提高只会出现在训练后的休息时期。
37 ． C 推理题。第二段：超负荷训练综合症是指训练后未得到充分休息的一种症状。 Compensate for 弥补，补上。
38 ． D 细节题。第二段的最后一句：它的标志是体力恢复期后持续的疲劳。
39 ． C level off 平行飞翔；使平坦；事业上不能再进展；持平。例如： The plane leveled off at 30,000 feet. Inflation has begun to level off.
40 ． D 文章末尾作者建议引起疲劳的疾病不应该被误认为是超负荷训练综合症。第四段的最后一句：有必要排除引起疲劳的任何隐藏的疾病。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary
41 ． C 这是些倔强的人，没人能轻易地说服他们改变主意。 persuade 劝说，说服。 tilt ( 使 ) 倾斜， ( 使 ) 翘起。 convert 转换，转变。例如： How can I convert dollar into REM Yuan? suppress 压制，压抑。例如： She could hardly suppress a smile.
42 ． B 马戏团一直很受欢迎，因为它既能让年轻人又能让老年人着迷。 facilitate 使便利，推动 , 帮助 , 使容易。 immerse 使浸没，使沉浸在。例如： I immersed myself in reading. fascinate 强烈地吸引 Anything to do with myths and legends fascinates me. indulge 使沉溺于；纵容，迁就。 例如： The king indulged himself in delights of leasure.
43 ． D 经过耐心的盘问，律师设法从证人那里套出许多情报。 elicit （正式）引出，探出（实情）。 evacuate 疏散，撤出，撤离（危险地）。 impart （正式）赋予，传授（特性，感情）；透露（情报）。 withdraw 取钱；部队撤离；撤下（到厨房，卧室）。
44 ． C 乔治喜欢谈论别人的私事，他是一个爱说长道短的人。 solicitor 律师； coward 胆小的人； rebel 反叛者。
45 ． D 新秘书写了一篇相当精彩的报道，只有短短数百字，却囊括所有重要细节。 elaborate 精心制作的。 concise 简明的，简洁的。 precise 精确的。 brisk 轻快的，敏捷的。
46 ． D 由于一路从学校快跑，当他进来时，脸庞泛红。 flush （由于尴尬等）变红。 flare （火焰）摇曳，闪烁； flutter （鸟）拍打翅膀； fluctuate （价格）波动。
47 ． B 钢不像铸铁，它不易破碎； brittle 易破碎的； elastic 有弹
性的，有弹力的； adaptable 易改变的，易适应的； flexible 灵活的，易弯曲的。
48 ． C 把英语作为外语来学习的最大的问题就是缺少与高水平的英语谈话者进行口语交际的机会。 verbal 口头的，口语的； instantaneous 瞬间发生的； provocative 挑衅的，挑逗的； dual 成双的，二重的。
49 ． B 在十年的时间内，他们将荒山变成了绿林。 barren 荒芜的； vacant 空着的，未被占用的； weird 怪诞的，奇怪的， wasteful 浪费的。
50 ． D 我们此次伦敦之行，最重要的是为了参观白金汉宫。 summit 山顶；顶点，极点；首脑会议。例如： The summit meeting of the heads of European countries has been arranged to discuss the matter. peak 山峰； height 高度； highlight 最突出（精彩）的部分（场面），最重要的（引人注目的）比赛。
51 ． D 哈罗得宣称他是一个严厉的名艺术家，事实上，他是一个骗子； fraud 骗子，骗局； alien 外国的，异族的，外星人； counterpart 相对应的人或者物； client 客户。
52 ． A 只要控制在预算内，我们预计完成计划没有困难。 foresee 预见； infer 推知 / 断； fabricate 制造； inhibit 阻止，抑制，使拘谨。
53 ． B 他在找寻一个工作，以便给他的事业有更大的发展空间。 scope (for ) （供采取行动，思考等的）天地，机会，余地； insight 洞察力； momentum 势头，动力； phase 时期，阶段。
54 ． D 我女儿就读的高中附属于我们大学。 mingle 混合，混入； affiliate 并入 ( 更大的组织 ) ，加盟。
55 ． A 布朗一家住在郊区一所宽敞而舒适的带有家具的房子里。 spacious 宽敞的； sufficient （量，程度）充分的，足够的； wide 宽的 , 广阔的（二维平面上）； wretched 可怜的，悲惨的。
56 ． B 会员证使持有者有权使用俱乐部的设施达一年之久。 authorize 使有权力做某事； rectify （正式）改正； endow 向捐款 ; endow somebody with 使天生赋有。
57 ． C 哈佛大学将拉丁文从入学的必考科目中取消。 do away with
废除，取消； compulsory 强制性，义务的； influential 有影响力的； indispensable ，必需的 , 必不可少的； essential 本质的 , 实质的 , 基本的 , 提炼的 , 精华的
58 ． A 这不是巧合，大量的暴力罪行是在酒精的作用下发生的。 coincidence 巧合； inspiration 灵感； correspondence 通信；符合，一致； intuition 直觉。
59 ． B 回忆里的大学时光比实际的要幸福一些。 retrospect 回顾，回想； retention （正式）保持，保留； revere （正式）尊敬，敬重。
60 ． D 她随意地翻动着杂志，并未真正地看。 flip 翻动； tumble 跌到，绊到； switch 转换，转变； Toss 抛，掷。
61 ． A 科学家正竭力使用现有的技术企图从地球那获取更多的能量。 extract 提取；拔出，抽出； discharge （正式）允许离开；卸下； inject 注射； drain 使排出（油，水等），喝干 , 耗尽。
62 ． D 中国红十字会捐赠了大笔的钱以救济土耳其地震中的难民。 contribute （常与 to 连用）捐款，捐献，如“ contribute food and clothing to the relief of the poor. （捐助食品和衣物救济贫民）”。 administer 管理 , 执行 elevate 举起 , 提拔 , 振奋 , 提升……的职位 ;assess 估定 , 评定。
63 ． B 这一段的第一句含义模糊，有多种解释。 ambiguous 含糊其词的，可作多种解释的，模棱两可的； Intricate 复杂的 , 错综的 , 难以理解的； duplicate 复制； confused 困惑的 , 烦恼的。
64 ． A 他们过去常常吵架，但是现在完全和好了。 reconcile 和解，如 be /become reconciled with sb. 同某人言归于好； negotiate （常与 with 连用）商议，协商，商谈； associate （ with ）和……来往 , 和……共事 , 同……联合 ; ( 在思想上 ) 同……联系在一起； accommodate 供应 , 向……提供 , 容纳 , 调停 , 调解（及物动词）。
65 ． C 突发的流行病并未怎么影响当地的生意。 hamper 妨碍 , 牵制； intervene 干涉 , 干预 , 插入 , 介入； insulate 使绝缘 , 隔离； hoist 升起，吊起，扯起。
66 ． D 这次竞赛最重要的评估标准是设计作品的独创性。 criterion ( 批评判断的 ) 标准 , 规范； threshold 开始 , 开端 , 极限； partition 分割 , 划分 , 瓜分 , 分开 , 隔离物； warrant 授权 , （正当）理由 , 根据 , 证明 , 凭证 , 委任状 , 批准 , 许可证。
67 ． C 这位妇女担心服用阿司匹林有副作用，但她的医生向她保证绝对无害。 reassure 使……安心 , 再保证 , 使……恢复信心 , 打消……的疑虑； retrieve 重新得到； release 释放 , 解放 , 放弃 , 让与 , 免除 , 发表； revive ( 使 ) 苏醒 , ( 使 ) 复兴 , ( 使 ) 复活 , ( 使 ) 再生效 , 回想。
68 ． C 我们不禁怀疑鲍伯，当办公室的钱被盗之后，他刚买了一辆跑车。 suspicious 可疑的，引起怀疑的，如“ be /feel suspicious of 对……怀疑 . 例如： I am suspicious of that woman — I think she may have stolen something from our shop. 我很怀疑那位妇女，我想她可能偷了我们商店的东西。 skeptical ( 倾向 ) 怀疑的 , 好怀疑的，如 be skeptical about （对某事）怀疑 ; appreciative 欣赏的 , 有欣赏力的 , 表示感激的 , 承认有价值的 ; tolerant 容忍的 , 宽恕的。
69 ． A 他十分反感出版这本书，认为这是侵犯他人隐私。 privacy 特指个人隐私，隐私权； morality 道德； dignity 尊严 , 高贵； secrecy 秘密，普通用词。
70 ． B 事实上，当他走近这座著名的雕像时，他只是在克制冲动，不去伸手掏相机； impulse 冲动，欲望； impatience 不耐烦， 急躁； incentive 动机 ;initiative 主动，如： take the initiative 采取主动。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction
【短文大意】文中谈到美国人的家庭梦想，希望拥有自己的房子，和家人团聚在一起。
S1. no not 修饰形容词用 not （副词），修饰名词才用 no （形容词）。
S2. place land land 作土地，田地，地皮解释时，是不可数名词。 place 而是可数名词。
S3. started start 为了与 前面的 find ,build 结构一致，故去掉 -ed 。
S4. working work 为了与 live 并列，一般现在时。
S5. anyone everyone 根据语义应该用 everyone 表示每个人，而 anyone 表示泛指，任何一个人。
S6. but ( 去掉 ) Although 后面不能跟 but 。
S7. before after 根据上下文判断应该是二战以后。
S8. But And 应该是递进关系而不是转折关系。
S9. it they 指代的是 houses ，应该用复数。
S10. 在 house 后增加 as regard...as 把……视为 / 认为……
Part V Writing
It can be discerned that the American students prefer to read the popular novels rather than any other kind of books, such as the unpopular fictions, technical books, poems and so on. The percentage of the popular novel is about 68.2% currently. Comparatively, other kind of novels is about 16.8%, 8.3%, and 5.2%.
It is not difficult to understand why the popular novels can attract so many students. The popular novel is interesting, and not so abstract as books that are full of the mathematic formulaes. However, as university students, study is the primary task for us to do. So it ' s advisable that we should pay more attention to the books in our major. Fictions may make our life rich and colorful, but it cannot become the major part of our life.
As far as I am concerned, I would like to spend my spare time on reading academic collection of dissertations, periodicals in my major, such as technology digests, computer newspapers and so forth, because I want to do a good job in my subjects. Fortunately, my dreams come true. Meanwhile, I have gained other things, i.e. I ' ve laid a solid foundation in specialized field, which makes me feel easy to contrive the electronic circuits that have to be done during our bachelor years. Thanks to those books! | 
