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试卷一
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(20 minutes)
Section A
Directions ： In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example:You will hear:
You will read:
A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours. C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours.
From the conversation, we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 ' o ' clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “ 5 hours ” is the correct answer. You should choose on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. Sample Answer ［ A ］ ［ B ］ ［ C ］ ［ D ］
1. A) All the passengers were killed. B) The plane crashed in the night.
C) No more survivors have been found.D) It ' s too late to search for survivors.
2. A) Its results were just as expected.B) It wasn ' t very well designed.
C) It fully reflected the students ' ability.D) Its results fell short to her expectations.
3. A) He believes dancing is enjoyable.B) He definitely does not like dancing.
C) He admires those who dance.D) He won ' t dance until he has done his work.
4. A) His computer doesn ' t work well.B) He isn ' t getting along with his staff.
C) He didn ' t register for a proper course.D) He can ' t apply the theory to his program.
5. A) Reading on the campus lawn.B) Depositing money in the bank.
C) Applying for financial aid.D) Reviewing a student ' s application.
6. A) A new shuttle bus.B) A scheduled space flight.
C) An airplane flight.D) The first space flight.
7. A) The deadline is drawing near.B) She can ' t meet the deadline.
C) She turned in the proposals today.D) They are two days ahead of time.
8. A) By going on a diet.B) By having fewer meals.
C) By doing physical exercise.D) By eating fruit and vegetables.
9. A) He enjoyed it as a whole.B) He didn ' t think much of it.
C) He didn ' t like it at all.D) He liked some parts of it.
10. A) It looks quite new.B) It needs to be repaired.
C) It look old, but it runs well.D) Its engine needs to be painted.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) Experience in negotiating.
B) A high level of intelligence.
C) The time they spend on preparation.
D) The amount of pay they receive.
12. A) Study the case carefully beforehand.
B) Stick to a set target.
C) Appear friendly to the other party.
D) Try to be flexible about their terms.
13. A) Make sure there is no misunderstanding.
B) Try to persuade by giving various reasons.
C) Repeat the same reasons.
D) Listen carefully and patiently to the other party.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) They eat huge amounts of food.
B) They usually eat twice a day.
C) They usually eat to their hearts ' content.
D) They eat much less than people assume.
15. A) When it is breeding.
B) When it feels threatened by humans in its territory.
C) When its offspring is threatened.
D) When it is suffering from illness.
16. A) They are not as dangerous as people think.
B) They can be as friendly to humans as dogs.
C) They attack human beings by nature.
D) They are really tame sea animals.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) Because people might to migrate there someday.
B) Because it is very much like the earth.
C) Because it is easier to explore than other planets.
D) Because its atmosphere is different from that of the earth.
18. A) Its chemical elements must be studied.
B) Its temperature must be lowered.
C) Big spaceships must be built.
D) Its atmosphere must be changed.
19. A) It influences the surface temperature of Mars.
B) It protects living beings from harmful rays.
C) It keeps a planet from overheating.
D) It is the main component of the air people breathe.
20. A) Man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.
B) Scientists are rather pessimistic about it.
C) Man will probably be able to live there in 100,000 years ' time.
D) Scientists are optimistic about overcoming the difficulties soon.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passage in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Navigation computers, now sold by most car makers, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technology — meaning prices should eventually drop — and the market does seem to be growing.
Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive.It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directions — spoken by a clear human-sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.
The computer works with an antenna ( 天线 ) that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and antennam, the car ' s location can be pinned down within 100 meters.
The satellite singnals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensor and direction from a meter, determine the car ' s position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks and points of interest are included.
Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware — the way the computer accepts the driver ' s request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.
BMW ' s system offers a set of cross hairs ( 瞄准器上的十字纹 ) that can be moved across the map (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you ' d like to get to. Audi ' s screen can be switched to TV reception.
Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMW ' s and Lexus ' s having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch and Italian, as well as English.The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways ( 高速公路 ), for example.
21. We learn from the passage that navigation computers ____.
A) will greatly promote sales of automoblies
B) may help solve potential traffic problems
C) are likely to be accepted by more drivers
D) will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury
22. With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to his destination ____.
A) by inputting the exact address
B) by indicating the location of his car
C) by checking his computer database
D) by giving vocal orders to the computer
23. Despite their varied designs, navigation computers used in cars.
A) are more or less the same price
B) provide directions in much the same way
C) work on more or less the same principles
D) receive instructions from the same satellites
24. The navigation computer functions ____.
A) by means of a direction finder and a speed detector
B) basically on satellite signals and a map database
C) mainly through the reception of turn-by-turn directions
D) by using a screen to display satellite signals
25. The navigation systems in cars like Lexus, BMW and Audi are mentioned to show ____.
A) the immaturity of the new technology
B) the superiority of the global positioning system
C) the cause of price fluctuations in car equipment
D) the different ways of providing guidance to the driver
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
“ The world ' s environment is a surprisingly healthy discuss. ” If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog ( 烟雾 ) to global climate change, from the felling ( 砍伐 ) of forest to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate,the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.
After all, the world ' s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950s, or indeed 1980),the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous.
But they don ' t. The reasons why they don ' t, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure. That is why today ' s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable. Raw materials have not run out, and show to sing of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big,and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, peole have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long-term trend has been downwards.
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign ( 良性的 )trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
26. According to the author, most students ____.
A) believe the world ' s environment is in undesirable condition
B) agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to be
C) get high marks for their good knowledge of the world ' s environment
D) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world ' s environment
27. The huge increase in world production and population ____.
A) has made the world a worse place to live in
B) has had a positive influence on the environment
C) has not significantly affected the environment
D) has made the world a dangerous place to live in
28. One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that ____.
A) technological innovation can promote soical stability
B) political instability will cause consumption to drop
C) new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction
D) new sources are always becoming available
29. Fish resources are diminishing because ____.
A) no new substitutes can be found in large quantities
B) they are not owned by any particular entity
C) improper methods of fishing have ruined the fishing grounds
D) water pollution is extremely serious
30. The primary solution to environmental problems is ____.
A) to allow market forces to operate properly
B) to curb consumption of natural resources
C) to limit the growth of the world population
D) to avoid fluctuations in prices
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.
Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out of fashion and many communties have indeed forbidden it. However, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit ( 诉讼 ) in California claiming that the state ' s ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (They belived, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education classes.) The judge, thereforce, reversed, at least partially, his original decision.
And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even facilitating, such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause. What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a child ' s physical condition or his intellectual level.
Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.
And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.
As so intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child ' s intellectual level, the better for the child in question.
31. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?
A) Because its validity was challenged by many communities.
B) Because it was considered discriminative against minority children.
C) Because it met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.
D) Because it deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.
32. The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to ____.
A) draw public attention to IQ testing
B) put an end to special education
C) remove the state ' s ban on intelligence tests
D) have their children enter white schools
33. The author believes that intelligence testing ____.
A) may ease racial confrontation in the United States
B) can encourage black children to keep up with white children
C) may seriously aggravate racial discrimination in the United States
D) can help black parents make decisions about their children ' s education
34. The author ' s opinion of child adoption seems to be that ____.
A) no rules whatsoever can be prescribed
B) white families should adopt black children
C) adoption should be based on IQ test results
D) cross-racial adoption is to be advocated
35. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that ____.
A) good will may sometimes complicate racial problems
B) social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of children
C) intelligence testing also applies to to non-academic areas
D) American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issues
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Not too many decades ago it seemed “ obvious ” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people ' s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin ( 亲戚 ) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However,in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “ obvious ” is not ture. It seems that if you are a city resident,you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But,for the most part ,this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life. but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However,city dwellers do worry more about crime,and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another,they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of n elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover,as Wirth suggested,there may be a link between a community ' s population size and its social heterogeneity( 多样性 ). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling ,drugs. etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan ( 见多识广者的 ) outlook,to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles,to vote for leftist political candidates,and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups,and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
36. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A) Two contrasting views are presented.
B) An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D) A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
37. According to the passage,it was once a common belief that urban residents ____.
A) did not have the same Interests as their neighbors
B) could not develop long-standing relationships
C) tended to be associated with bad behavior
D) usually had more friends
38. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors ____.
A) disrupt people ' s natural relations
B) make them worry about crime
C) cause them not to show concern for one another
D) cause them to the suspicious of each other
39. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is, ____.
A) the better its quality of life
B) the more similar its interests
C) the more tolerant and open-minded it is
D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
40. What is the passage mainly about?
A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellers.
B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D) The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious illness. Her plot against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of ____.
A) impulse B) insanity C) inspiration D) disposition
42. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six ____ when he got off the plane.
A) laymen B) servants C) directors D) attendants
43. There is no doubt that the ____ of these goods to the others is easy to see.
A) prestige B) superiority C) priority D) publicity
44. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ____ and had a very good time.
A) feast B) congratulations C) festivalD) recreation
45. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight ____ are.
A) payments B) charges C) funds D) prices
46. The manager gave her his ____ that her complaint would be investigated.
A) assurance B) assumption C) sanction D) insurance
47. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ____.
A) temperament B) contamination C) scrutiny D) symmetry
48. We are doing this work in the ____ of reforms in the economic,social and cultural spheres.
A) context B) contest C) pretext D) texture
49. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ____ leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.
A) a distinction B) a breakthrough C) an identification D) an interpretation
50. Doctors are often caught in a ____ because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not.
A) puzzle B) perplexity C) dilemma D) bewilderment
51. To ____ important dates in history,countries create special holidays.
A) commend B) memorize C) propagate D) commemorate
52. His successful negotiations with the Americans helped him to ____ his position in the government.
A) contrive B) consolidate C) heave D) intensify
53. Please do not be ____ by his offensive remaks since he is merely trying to attraat attention.
A) distracted B) disregarded C) irritated D) intervened
54. Once you get to know your mistakes you should ____ them as soon as possible.
A) rectify B) reclaim C) refrain D) reckon
55. He wouldn ' t answer the reporters ' questions nor would he ____ for a photograph.
A) summon B) highlight C) pose D) marshal
56. The club will ____ new members the first week in September.
A) enroll B) subscribe C) absorb D) register
57. If you don ' t ____ the children properly,Mr. Chiver,they ' ll just run riot.
A) mobilize B) warrant C) manipulate D) supervise
58. Already the class is ____ about who our new teacher will be.
A) foreseeing B) speculating C) fabricating D) contemplating
59. We should ____ our energy and youth to the development of our country.
A) dedicate B) cater C) ascribe D) cling
60. Just because I ' m ____ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.
A) redundant B) trivial C) versatile D) subordinate
61. Many scientists remain ____ about the value of this research program.
A) sceptical B) stationary C) spacious D) specific
62. Depression is often caused by the ____ effects of stress and overwork.
A) total B) increased C) terrific D) cumulative
63. A human ' s eyesight is not as ____ as that of an eagle.
A) eccentric B) acute C) sensible D) sensitive
64. It is ____ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.
A) abrupt B) absurd C) adverse D) addictive
65. Shoes of this kind are ____ to slip on wet ground.
A) feasible B) appropriate C) apt D) fitting
66. We ' ll be very careful and keep what you ' ve told us strictly ____.
A) rigorous B) confidential C) private D) mysterious
67. The members of Parliament were ____ that the government had not consulted them.
A) impatient B) tolerant C) crude D) indignant
68. Some American colleges are state-supported , others are privately ____, and still others are supported by religious organizations.
A) ensured B) attributed C) authorized D) endowed
69. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if ____ in any way.
A) intervened B) incurred C) provoked D) poked
70. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other ____.
A) drawbacks B) handicaps C) bruises D) blunders
试卷二
Part Ⅳ Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altoghether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash ( ／ ) in the blank.
Example ：
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods .Many of the arguments havingused for the study of literature as a school subject are valid for study of television.
1. ____Time/times/period____
2.____/____
3.____the____
Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. His killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, enjoys the hunter ' s triumph of killing his prey.
To understand how this transformation has taken place we must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a million year evoloving as co operative hunters. Their very survival depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers, throwers and prey-killers. They co operate as skillful male-group attackers.
Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers. Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life, were put to a new use — that of penning ( 把……关中圈中 ) ， controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of farming were no longer essential for survival.
S1. ____
S2. ____
S3. ____
S4. ____
S5. ____
S6. ____
S7. ____
S8. ____
S9. ____
S10. ____
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at leats 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
January 12 th, 2002
Dear Mr. President,
____
参考答案 详细解答和录音文字材料
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. W ： Is the rescue crew still looking for survivors of the plane crash?
M ： Yes, they have been searching the area for hours, but they haven ' t found anybody else. They ' ll keep searching until night falls.
Q ： What do we learn from the conversation?
2. W ： How many students passed the final physics exam in our class?
M ： Forty, but still as many as 20% of the class failed. Quite disappointing, isn ' t it?
Q ： What does the woman think of the exam?
3. W ： Lots of people enjoy dancing. Do you?
M ： Believe it or not, that ' s the last thing I ' d ever want to do.
Q ： What does the man mean?
4. W ： Jame, I ' m having difficulty with all the theoretical staff we are getting in our computer course.
M ： Oh, that part I understand. What I can ' t figure out is how to make it work in my program.
Q ： What is the man ' s problem?
5. W ： Did you see Mary somewhere around?
M ： Yes, she is in the campus bank, applying for a student ' s loan.
Q ： What was Mary doing?
6. W ： The space shuttle is taking off tomorrow.
M ： I know. This is another routine mission. Its first flight was four years ago.
Q ： What are they talking about?
7. W ： When are we supposed to submit our project proposals, Jane?
M ： They ' ll do by the end of the week. We ' ve only two days left. We ' ll just have to hurry.
Q ： What does the woman mean?
8. W ： When I go on the diet, I eat only fruit and that takes off weight quickly.
M ： I prefer to eat whatever I want and then run regularly to lose weight.
Q ： How does the man control his weight?
9. W ： John, can you tell me what in the book interests you most?
M ： Well, nothing specific, but I like it over all.
Q ： What did the man think of the book?
10. W ： How do you like the car I ' ve just bought?
M ： Well, it seems to run well, but I think it needs a new paint job.
Q ： What does the man think of the car?
Section B
Passage One
Nilrikman and others of the Harvard research group have done some research into the differences between average and good negotiators. They found negotiators with the good trait record and studied them in action. They compared them with another group of average negotiators and found there was no difference in the time the two groups spent on planning their strategy. However, there were some significant differences on other points. The average negotiators thought in terms of the present, but the good negotiators took a long-term view. They made lots of suggestions and considered twice the number of alternatives. The average negotiators set their objectives as a single points. “ We hope to get 2 dollars ” , for example. The good negotiators set their objectives in terms of range, which they might formulate as “ We hope to get 2 dollars, but if we get one dollar and fifty, it ' ll be all right. ” The average negotiators tried to persuade by giving lots of reasons. They used a lot of different arguments. The good negotiators didn ' t give many reasons. They just repeated the same ones. They also did more summarizing and reviewing, checking they were understood correctly.
11. What do good negotiators and average negotiators have in common?
12. According to the speaker, what would the good negotiators do?
13. According to the speaker, what does the average negotiator usually do?
Passage Two
To most of us, sharks are the most dangerous fish in the sea and they attack humans. However, according to Dr Clark who has studied the behaviour of sharks for 12 years, humans are not normally on the sharks ' menu. What do sharks feed on? Mainly fish and other small sea animals. Dr Clark also found that sharks don ' t eat as much food as people think. For instance, a nine feet shark only need two pounds of food a day to keep healthy. But she says sometimes sharks starve and at other times they fill themselves with what they have killed. Around the world there are only about 100 shark attacks on humans each year, ten of which prove fatal. But consider this, in the U.S. alone about 3 million people are bitten by dogs each year. Of this, thirteen people die. If a shark bites you, says Dr Clark, the reason is usually because it mistakes you for its natural food. For example, say you went underwater fishing and saw a shark, you could be in trouble. The shark might go for the injured fish you had attacked and take a big bite of you at the same time. If you go into a shark ' s territory and threaten it, it might try to bite you. That ' s because sharks are territorial and tend to guard their territory. Like dogs, they protect the area that they think as their own.
14. What does the passage say about the eating behaviour of sharks?
15. When might a shark attack humans?
16. What do we learn from the passage about sharks?
Passage Three
Science fiction writers have often imagined human beings going to live on Mars. But these days scientists are taking the idea seriously. It has a great deal to recommend it since it might solve the problem of over-crowding on the earth. But obviously it will not be worth making the effort and thus the people could live there naturally. If the atmosphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible. But in fact it is mostly carbon dioxide. Apart from that, there are other problems to be overcomed. For example, the temperature would have to be raised from 60 degrees below 0 to 15 degrees above it. Scientists used to study Mars have laid down the program that they can follow. To begin with, they will have to find out whether life has ever existed on the planet Mars in the past. Secondly, they will have to make a reliable map of its surface, and finally they will have to make a list of the guesses. Above all they will have to discover how much nitrogen is pellasis, since nitrogen is four-fifths of the air we breathe. They are surprisingly optimistic about raising the temperature on Mars, and believe it could be done in 200 years. It would take a bit long, though, to transform the atmosphere so that human beings could live there. Scientists estimate that this will take 100,000 years.
17. Why are scientists interested in Mars?
18. What is one of the things that must be done before man can live on Mars?
19. Why do scientists want to find out whether there is sufficient nitrogen on Mars?
20. What is the prospect of people living on Mars?
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.A 10.C
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.D 19.D 20.C
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Passage One
【短文大意】这是一篇说明文。本文说明了导航计算机在汽车上的应用，介绍了导航计算机发展的现状，工作原理及世界名牌汽车 Lexus, BMW ，和 Audi 所使用的导航计算机的不同之处，并预测导航计算机会随其发展而走入普通百姓家中。
21. C
短文第一段明确指出 Lexus ， BMW 和 Audi 汽车中有导航计算机，而且导航计算机是一项新技术，其市场会逐步扩大，从而其价格最终会降下来，也就是说将会有更多的司机使用它，选项 C ）（导航计算机会被更多的司机接受）符合题意，为正确答案。
22. A
第五段指出大多数系统中，司机是通过触摸屏或光碟来输入目的地或公路交汇处的。可见是用手来输入目的地的，故 A ）为正确答案。
23. C
文中第五段，指出大多数系统基本上是一样的，其差别在硬上—— 即接收司机导航要求的方式不一样，显示驾驶指引的方式也不一样， C ）项符合题意，为正确答案。
24. B
从文章第四段可知，卫星信号连同轮速感应器测得的速度和测量仪测得的方向来测定汽车的位置，该信息与地图数据库的信息相结合。因此，导航计算机主要通过卫星信号和地图数据库来发挥功效的，故 B ）项为正确答案。
25. D
文章最后三段告诉我们在 Lexus 汽车中，司机可点屏幕上的任何一点； BMW 装有瞄准器的十字纹； A 的屏幕则能调到电视接受器上。可见三种汽车给司机提供的指引方式是不同的，选项 D ）符合此意，故为正确答案。
Passage Two
【短文大意】这是一篇议论文。该篇议论文从一全新的视点论述人口与环境的关系。它一反人口增加危害环境治理的传统观念，指出种种因素如技术创新，政府举措，社会变革和价格等可以缓和环境压力，例如，高昂的价格会导致新能源的出现，新的能源反过来调节价格，而价格与市场的合理运作又有利于环境的保护，文章由此得出结论：充分发挥市场力量是解决问题之道。
26. A
短文第一段指出大多数学生不会同意“ The world ' s environment is surprisingly healthy ”这种观点，他们会举出一大堆事实来说明地球环境是多么槽糕的， A ）项符合句意。
27. C
短文第二段第一句说，地球应该会受影响，接着的假设句表明，人们如果还是以以前的（ 1900 ， 1950 或 1980 ）方式进行生活，消费和生产，那么现在的地球就会成为一个让人非常恶心的地方；而紧接着第三段指出，人们并没有这样，环境也没有被破坏掉。可见地球环境未受到严重影响，故 C ）项为正确答案。 A ）与 D ）项与原意相反； B ）项原文未提及。
28. D
文章倒数第二段“ People have looked for new resources of supply, … For this prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms ” 说明从长远来看，价格处于下降趋势的原因之一应该是总能找到新的能源即 D ）。
29. B
文章最后一段最后一句说明：如果没有人占有相关的能源，就没有人会去保护它或养育它，而鱼就是最好的证明。故选项 B ）为正确答案。
30. A
文章最后指出，价格和市场如果没有合理地运作，价格下降这种良性趋势就不会存在，从而环境就无从得到保护，由此不难推出：充分发挥市场力量是解决之道。故 A ）为正确答案。
Passage Three
【短文大意】这是一篇关于 IQ 测试的议论文。作者首先陈述了一些人反对智力测试的观点及其原因，接着举例反证并提出了自己的观点：赞成智力测试。因为任何肤色或种族的孩子若是学习成绩不佳，我们必须知道这是因为他的智力低下，还是其它原因，这一点是至关重要的。
31. B
文章第一和第二段明确指出：当学校等机构开始关注并确保所有学生受到平等对待时，智力测试就变得不受欢迎；有些人认为智力测试对少数学生是不公平的。可见 B ）符合题意，故为最佳答案。
32. C
第三段第一句说：这些黑人孩子的父母声称，该州政府对智力测试的禁令是对他们孩子的一种歧视，因为他们的孩子没有机会参加智力测试。由此可知， C ）项为最佳答案。
33. D
本题为主旨归纳题，重要依据可丛第四段看出，在该段中作者点明自己的观点：我们总是站在允许，甚至促进这种测试的一边，因为任何肤色或种族的孩子若是学习成绩不佳，我们必须弄清楚他是智力低下还是其它原因，这一点非常重要。因此 D ）项为正确答案。
34. A
文章第六和第七段告诉读者有一段时间如果白人家庭不收养黑人孩子被看作是歧视行为，可后来社会机构又认为黑人孩子只应在黑人家庭中生活。对这两种不同的看法，作者表明的态度是：很难说哪种方式好些。由此不难推出作者对收养孩子的看法是无规则可循，故 A ）项是正确答案。
35. D
本题为判断题。
Passage Four
【短文大意】这是一篇议论文。文章作者在科研人员多年研究的基础上，对比了城市居民和乡村居民的社会关系，指出城市居民与乡村居民在生活质量上没多大差异，且最新研究表明城市居民也没有感到孤离或压抑，他们在共同爱好的基础上能形成非常友好的关系，但是城市居民对陌生人不太信任，且城市居民的生活呈多样性，因而相比之下他们更具包容性。
36. A
短文第一段首先指出几十年前人们及社会学家的观点，接着又指出最近的研究表明原来人们普遍认同的观点是错的，可见第一段只是提出了两种不同的观点，故 A ）为正确答案。
37. B
本文第一段就指出几十年以前大众及社会学家普遍认为现代社会改变了人们之间的相互关系，降低了他们对亲戚和邻居的责任感，取而代之的是与过客之间的肤浅关系，故 B ）项为正确答案。 A ）项与原意不符，下文指出城市居民就是在共同兴趣的基础上建立友好关系的； C ）与 D ）项文中没有提及。
38. C
在第三段作者指出：如果邻居是陌生人，人们则不愿扫他们家的走道，尽管他们是住在隔壁的老年夫妇；也不会留意年轻的惹事生非之人，故 C ）项符合题意，为最佳答案。其余选项均与文意不符。
39. C
文章最后一段指出：大城市居民比小的城镇居民有着更广阔的视野，能容纳非传统的宗教群体、不受欢迎的政治群体和人物。故 C ）项为正确答案。
40. A
本篇文章对比了大城市与小城镇中的人际关系，但没有强调在大城市中居住的优越， B ）不对，文中提到了很多城市居住的负面影响。显然也不对，文章第二段中提到“ Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation. ”说明 D ）不对，由此可以判断答案为 A ）。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure
41. B
这个奇特故事中的女士很明显患有一种严重的精神病，她与一位完全无辜的老人的那段情节清楚地显露了她精神错乱。 本题考点为名词辨析。 A) impulse 推动，刺激，冲动。例如： Women tend to buy clothes on impulse. B) insanity 精神错乱，蠢行。 例如： She was judged not guilty for reasons of insanity. C) inspiration 鼓舞；灵感。 D) disposition 布置，性情。
42. D
总理下飞机时，身后跟着五、六位随从。 本题考点是近义词辨析。 A) layman 外行，俗人。 B) servant 仆人。（多指在主人家帮佣从而获得一定工资或得到食宿之人） C) director 董事，主任，主管，导演，指挥。 D) attendant 侍者，随从 ( 多指跟随主人左右并为主人提供各种服务之人 ) 。
43. B
毫无疑问，很容易就能看出这些货物优于其他货物。 本题考点为名词的辨析与搭配。 A) prestige 声望，威信。该词不与介词 形成固定搭配。 B) superiority 优势，好于，强于。该词使用时要与介词 to 搭配 ( 有时也可用 over) 代替。 C) priority 先前，优先于。该词一般也要与介词 to 搭配使用 , 该词强调的是“先”，即指时间，顺序和重要性等方面。 D) publicity 公开性，宣传。
44. A
所有的客人都被邀参加了结婚典礼，他们玩得很痛快。 本题考点为同义词辨析。 A) feast 节日盛宴，宴会，酒席 (usually large or elaborate meal) 。该词的着重点在“吃与乐”上。例如： A cheerful look makes a dish a feast 脸上笑嘻嘻，便饭成宴席 . B) congratulation 祝贺。 C) festival 节日，节。该词不强调“吃”而是强调时间。 D) recreation 娱乐，修养。
45. B
煤价根据运输路程的长短和运费的高低而变动。 本题考点为易混词的辨析。 A) payment 支付，支付款 (money given) 。 B) charge 费用，要价 (price asked for goods or services) 。 C) funds 基金，存款。 D) prices 价格，代价。
46. A
经理向她保证一定调查她的投诉。 本题考点为名词辨析题。 A) assurance 保证，使……放心，断言。例如： She gave the old lady her assurance that flying is very safe. B) assumption 假定，设想。例如： His assumption that the sun centered around the earth was proved wrong. C) sanction 制裁，法令。 D) insurance 保险，安全保障。
47. C
这个模型经不起细看，尽管外表看起来还不错。 本题考点为词义辨认题。 A) temperament 性情，急躁，调和。 B) contamination 污染，沾染物。 C) scrutiny 细看，仔细检查 (careful and thorough examination) 。例如： There should be a close scrutiny of all the documents relating to the trial. D) symmetry 对称性。
48. A
我们在经济、社会和文化领域改革的背景下做这项工作。 本题考点为名词辨析。 A) context 上下文；场合，环境，背景。例如： Can ' t you guess the meaning of the word from the context? B) contest 竞争，比赛。 C) pretext 借口，托词。例如： He came to see me on the pretext of asking my advice when he really wanted to borrow money. D) texture 质地，质感。
49. B
尽管得过好几年才知道这种疾病的病因，但是马上就会取得治疗上的突破。 A) distinction 区别。 B) breakthrough 突破。 C) identification 识别，鉴定。 D) interpretation 解释，阐明。
50. C
医生时常感到为难，因为他们不得不决定是否应该告诉病人真实病情还是隐瞒病情。 本题考点为近义词辨析。 A) puzzle 难题，迷惑，困惑 (question that is difficult to understand or answer; mystery) 。 B) perplexity 困惑，窘困。例如： She looked at us in perplexity. C) dilemma 窘境，进退两难 (situation in which one has to choose between two undesirable things or courses of action) 。该词强调的是左右为难的两难选择的境地。 D) bewilderment 迷惑，混淆。
51. D
为了纪念历史上的重要日子，各国制定了特殊假日。 本题考点为名词辨认题。 A)commend 称赞；把……交托给。 B) memorize 记住，熟 记 (learn sth. well enough to remember it exactly; put sth. into one ' s memory) 。 C) propagate 繁殖，宣传。 D) commemorate 纪念 (keep a great person, event, etc in people ' s memories) 。
52. B
他与美国人的成功谈判使他在政府中的地位得到了巩固。 本题考点为动词辨析。 A) contrive 策划；设法做到。 B) consolidate 巩固，加强 (cause sth. to become solid, secure or strong) 。例如： The time has come for the firm to consolidate after several years of rapid expansion. C) heave 举起，胀起，起伏。 D)intensify 加强，加剧 ({of sensations} become very great or severe; extreme) 。
53. C
请不要被他的冒犯性的言语所激怒，因为他只不过是想引起注意力。 本题考点为动词辨析。 A) distract 使分心，分散（注意力）。 B) disregard 不顾，无视。 C) irritate 激怒，生气。例如： It irritates me to have to shout to be heard. D) intervene 干预，介入。
54. A
一旦知道了自己的错误就应该尽快改正。 本题考点为动词辨析。 A) rectify 纠正，校正 (put right, correct) 。 B) reclaim 开垦，改造，回收。 C) refrain 忍住，抑制。 D) reckon 认为；估计。
55. C
他不会回答记者的提问，也不会摆姿势拍照。 本题考点为动词辨析题。 A) summon 召集，传唤。 B) highlight 着重，使……显著。 C) pose 摆好姿势；提出 (sit or stand in a particular position in order to be painted, drawn or photographed; present sth.) 。 D) marshal 排列，安排。
56. A
俱乐部招收新成员的时间是九月份的第一个星期。 本题考点为易混词的辨别。 A) enroll 登记，招收，使……入会 (become or make sb. a member of sth.) 。该词常用句型为： enroll sb. in (as) sth. B) subscribe 订阅，署名，捐助。例如： Which journal do you subscribe to? C) absorb 吸收 D) register 注册，指示 (formally record a name , an event a sale etc in a list.) 。
57. D
如果你不管好这些孩子，他们会胡作非为的。 本题考点为动词辨析题。 A) mobilize 动员。例如： The troops received orders to mobilize. B)warrant 保证。例如： This material is warranted to be pure silk. C) manipulate 操纵。 D) supervise 监督，管理 (keep a check on sb doing sth or sth being done to make sure it is done properly) 。
58. B
班上已在推测新老师是谁。 本题考点是近义词辨析题。 A) foresee 预见，预知 (see or know that sth is going to happen in the future; predict) 。该词只作及物动词，不能与任何介词搭配。 B) speculate 推测 , 思索；沉思；投机 (form opinions without having definite or complete knowledge or evidence; guess) 。该词为不及物动词，常与介词 about, on, upon 搭配。 C) fabricate 制作，捏造。例如： The reason he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. D) contemplate 沉思；期望；凝视。该词既可作及物又可作不及物动词，可与介词 on, upon 搭配。
59. A
为了祖国的发展，我们应该献出我们的青春与活力。 本题考点为易混词的辨析。这四个动词都可与介词搭配，但意思不同。 A) dedicate 奉献，献身。与介词 to 形成固定搭配。例如： She dedicated her life to helping the poor. B) cater 为……供应酒食 ( 与介词连用 ) ；满足某种需求 ( 与介词连用 ) 。 C) ascribe 归因于。 ( 与介词 to 连用 ) 。 D) cling (to) 坚持，固守。
60. D
就因为他是我老板，他就认为他可以随意使唤我，对我不表示一点尊敬。 本题考点为形容词辨认题。 A) redundant 过多的，多余的。 B) trivial 琐细的，平常的。 C) versatile 多才多艺的，万用的。 D) subordinate 下级的，从属的。
61. A
许多科学家仍对这项研究项目的价值表示怀疑。 本题考点为形容词辨认题。 A) sceptical (skeptical of or about sth.) 怀疑的 (unwilling to believe sth. often doubting that claims, statements, etc are true) 。 B) stationary 静止的，固定的。 C) spacious 宽敞的。 D) specific 特有的，具体的。
62. D
忧郁通常是紧张和过度劳作的积累性后果。 本题考点为形容词辨析题。 A) total 全部的，完全的。 B) increased 增加了的 (become or make sth. greater in number , quantity, size, etc) 。 C) terrific 妙极了。 D) cumulative 累积的，渐增的 (gradually increasing in amount, force, etc by one addition after another.) 。
63. B
人的视力没有鹰的视力锐利。 本题考点为易混形容词辨析题。 A) eccentric 古怪的；不同圆心的。 B) acute 敏锐的，尖锐的 (of feelings or the senses keen; sharp; penetrating) 。 C) sensible 明智的。 D) sensitive 敏感的，过敏的。例如： A writer shouldn ' t be too sensitive to criticism.
64. B
荒唐的是做同样的工作，女工却比男工的工资低。 本题考点为形容词辨认题。 A) abrupt 出其不意的；陡峭的；粗鲁的。 B) absurd 荒唐的，不合理的 (not sensible, unreasonable) 。 C) adverse 相反的，不利的。 D) addictive 上瘾的。
65. C
这种鞋在湿地上易打滑。 本题考点为形容词的搭配及用法。 A) feasible 可行的。例如： It ' s not feasible to follow your proposals. B) appropriate 适当的，合适的。 C) apt 易于……的，有……倾向的。常与不定式连用，构成习惯短语 be apt to do sth.(likely or having a tendency to do sth) 。 D) fitting 适合的，相称的。
66. B
我们会非常小心，将你告诉我们的话严格保密。 本题考点为易混形容词辨析题。 A) rigorous 严峻的，严格的，严密的 (severe, strict; strictly accurate or detailed) 。 C) private 私人的，个人的 (personal) 。 B) confidential 保密的 to be kept secret; not to be made known to others) 。 D) mysterious 神秘的。
67. D
议会成员对政府没有征询他们的意见感到愤慨。 本题考点为形容词的正确运用题。本题四个形容词都能在该句中使用，构成不同含义的句子。但根据常识，我们知道，议员的职责就是参政，议政，如果政府置他们于不顾，等于无形当中剥夺掉了他们的权利，故 D ）项为最佳答案。 A) impatient 不耐烦的。 B) tolerant 容忍的，包涵的。 C) crude 粗野的；未加工的。 D) indignant 愤慨的，义愤的。
68. D
美国有些高校是州立的，有些是私人资助的，还有一些是由宗教组织资助的。 本题考点为动词辨认题。 A) ensure 保证，使安全。例如： I can not ensure that he will be here on time. B) attribute ( to) 归因于。 C) authorize 授权，批准，认可。 D) endow 资助，赞助 (give money, property, etc to provide a regular income for) 。
69. C
狱警配有武器，如若被激怒，随时可开枪。
本题考点为动词辨认题。 A) intervene 介入；干涉，调解。 B) incur 招致，惹 (cause oneself to suffer; bring upon oneself) 。 C) provoke 激怒，挑衅 (make {sb.}angry or annoyed) 。 D) poke 戳，捅。
70. A
许多纯金属几乎没什么用，因为纯金属太软，太容易生锈或有其他一些缺点。 本题考点为名词辨析题。 A) drawback 缺陷，弊端 (disadvantage; problem) 。例如： The great drawback to living on a main road is the constant noise. B) handicap 障碍，不利条件 (thing that makes progress or success difficult; physical or mental disability) 。 C) bruise 青肿，伤痕。 D) blunder 错误 (stupid or careless mistake) 。
Part Ⅳ Error Correction
S1. viewing → viewed
本题考点为非谓语动词。本行中的这个句子的逻辑主语是 footballer ，动词 view 在句中构成分词短语，做整个句子的状语。根据分词短语作状语时必须与主句的主语相一致的规则，句子主语 footballer 与动词 view 是被动关系才符合语法规则及句子逻辑关系，因为句子表达的意思是：从生物角度来看，现代足球员是乔装了的狩猎员。
S2. inaccurate → accurate
本题考点为理解题。我们知道，一个球员只有瞄得准，进球的机会才会多；连瞄都瞄不准，又和以进球呢？因此，从上下文来看，此句要表达的意思是：如果他瞄得准，并进了球，他就享受到了猎人逮住猎物般的成功感。所以应该将 inaccurate 改为 accurate ，才与上下文相一致。
S3. enjoys → he
本题考点为语法题。本句中，“ If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal ”
是假设（条件）状语从句， enjoys 是谓语，其后的名词短语为宾语，因此，主句缺主语。根据 if 状语中的代词 his 和 he 及 enjoys 的第三人称形式来判断，本句主语应该是 he 才对。
S4. up → back
本题考点为动词搭配题。 look up at 为向上看，与句意不符，故不对，因为本句所表达的意思是：要想了解这种变化是怎样发生的，我们必须回顾一下我们的祖先。因此，应将 up 改为 back ，因为 look back at 的含义是“回顾”，它才符合句意。
S5. year → years
本题考点为名词单负数的运用。名词 year 是可树名词，而可数名词都有单复数之分，因此，一百万年应该是 a million years 。
S6. if → if
本题考点为词汇选择题。 even if 的意思是“即使”，作连词用，引导让步状语从句。例如： Even if I have to walk all the way I ' ll get there. I like her even though she can be annoying. 因此， even if 与本句意思不符，应将 if 去掉，因为， even 表示“甚至”，作副词用，用以加强出呼意料的语气，不能引导让步从句。
S7. co-operate → co-operated
本题考点为时态题。整个第二段回顾了我们祖先的进化过程，这一过程中的动作都发生在过去，都应该用过去时态。作者前面都用了过去时，独这一句没有用，因此前后时态不一致，根据上下文，应该将 co-operate 该为 co-operated 才对。
S8. when → in /through
本题考点为词汇题。副词或连词 when 的含义是“当……时，在……时”，常常引导一个句子，用在此处，意思不通，用法也不当，因为，它不能与 period 连用，因此应将 when 该为 in 或者 through ，意为“经过”。
S9. were → was
本题考点为主谓一致的问题。该句的主语 intelligence 是不可数名词，其谓语应该是单数形式，所以应将 were 改为 was 。
S10.survival → their
本题考点为理解题。名词 survival 的指示不明确，到底是谁的生存问题，这里交代不是很清楚。根据上文，所谈到的内容是关于我们祖先的事情的，所以在 survival 前添加一代词 their 较合适。
Part Ⅴ Writing
January 12,2001
Dear President ，
As one of your university students, I am not very satisfied with our canteen service. The first reason is that there are many students coming from all kinds of places. They may be not accustomed to the local food at the beginning of the term. So our canteen should provide much more kinds of food for them to choose.
Secondly, the price of the food is higher than we can afford. I hope the price of some food can be decreased a little. Then we can have a larger choice.
In addition to above suggestions, I want to reflect that many students will have lunch after classes. At that time, the canteen will become too crowded. So we hope that you can arrange some more seats for students.
These are my suggestions of our canteen service. I really hope you can take some measures to make the canteen service better and better. Thank you very much!
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming | 
