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今天我们就来看看第四部分--- Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)
Directions:In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
Tides are created mainly by the pull of the moon on the earth. The moon’s pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at a point closest to the moon and also at a point farthest from the moon, on the opposite side of the earth. These two tidal “waves” follow the apparent movement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly every coast line at intervals of about twelve hours and twenty-five minutes. After reaching a high point, the water level goes down gradually for a little more than six hours and then begins to rise toward a new high point. Hence, most coast lines have two tides a day, and the tides occur fifty minutes later each day. Differences in the coast line and in channels in the ocean bottom may change the times that the tidal wave reaches different points along the same coast line. The difference in water level between high and low tide varies from day to day according to the relative positions of the sun and the moon because the sun also exerts a pull on the earth, although it is only about half as strong as the pull of the moon. When the sun and the moon are pulling along the same line, the tides rise higher, and when they pull at right angles to one another, the tide is lower. The formation of the coast line and variations in the weather are additional factors which can affect the height of tides. Some sections of the coast are shaped in such a way as to cause much higher tides than are experienced in other areas. A strong wind blowing toward the shore may also cause tides to be higher.
71. The time that high tide occurs at a particular place is affected by all of the position of the moon, channels in the sea bottom variations in the coast line EXCEPT ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
72.What is the accurate statement about the pull of the sun on the earth?
_____ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
73. If one high tide occurs at 1:00 am, the next high tide at the same point will occur at about______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
74. The height of the tide is affected by the position of the sun, the direction of the wind, variations in the coast line EXCEPT______ ______ ____________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
75. If the pull of the sun equaled the pull of the moon tides would ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
答案与详解
短文大意:潮汐是由月球对地球的引力而引起的。潮汐随着月球绕地球的运动而产生，而且每隔12小时25分就要冲击海岸线一次。在达到高潮时，水平均线逐渐下降，经过六个多小时时间，又开始掀起另一个高潮。大部分海岸线每天有两次潮水，而且每次潮水到来时要落后50分钟，高潮与低潮水位之差每天随着太阳与月亮相对位置的变化而变化。因为太阳对地球也有拉力，虽然只有月球的一半。当太阳与月亮排在同一条线上起作用时，潮水就比较高。当它们互成直角时，潮水就较低．海岸线的形状和天气的变化也是影响潮水高低的因素。有些海岸的形状特殊，使得潮水高于其它地区所发生的潮水，向岸边吹的强风也可以增高潮水的水位。
71【参考答案】the direction of the wind
【解题技巧】找出答案，可以用关键词语进行间接推理。
【详细解答】在短文中．可以很清楚地知道发生高潮的时间受月亮的位置、海岸线的变化以及海底海沟等的影响，海岸线的形状和天气变化是影响潮水高低的因素，风力的大小也是影响潮水的因素之一。那么风的方向是否也是影响高潮发生时间的因素呢？这里可采用间接推理法进行判断。既然以上因素（除了方向以外）都是影响潮水发生时间的因素，那么风问就不包括其中，因为风的方向可以影响潮水高低而不对潮水的时间构成影响。
72【参考答案】It is about half the pull of the moon/about half the pull of the moon
【解题技巧】本题考查考生对关键词语的理解能力，需要根据上下文在字行里找答案。
【详细解答】在短文里可以看到这样的叙述：The difference in water level between high and low tide varies from day to day according to the relative positions of the sun and the moon because the sun also exerts a pull on the earth, although it is only about half as strong as the pull of the moon.根据短文回答的要求，答案不能超过 10个单词，那么可以将所找到的答案进行精简，成为：It is about half the pull of the moon或 about half the pull of the moon.
73【参考答案】1:25 p.m.the same day
【解题技巧】考查对关键词语的理解能力，可根据关键词进行间接推理，从中找出答案。
【详细解答】在短文的前部分可以看到这样一句话：These two tidal “waves” follow the apparent movement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly every coast line at intervals of about twelve hours and twentyfive minutes.（这两种潮水明显地随着月球绕地球的转动而产生，而且每隔12小时25分钟就冲击线条海岸线一次。）由文中可以知道，潮水每隔12小时25分来一次。据此推理，早上1点25分钟发生一次，那么另一次潮水的到来就是12个小时又25分钟之后，即同一天的下午1点25分钟左右（1:25 p．m．the same day)。
74【参考答案】channels in the ocean bottom
【解题技巧】本题考查考生的综合分析能力，根据分析．找出答案。
【详细解答】从文中可以知道潮水的高低主要受制于太阳的位置、风向、海岸线的变化，而潮水发生的时间则受制于月亮的位置，海底峡谷及海岸线的变化。由此可以得出这样一个结沦：潮水的高低除了海底峡谷之外受到太阳的位置、风向（吹向海岸线）和海岸线的变化的影响。
75【参考答案】be lighter than they are now
【解题技巧】本题考查考生对关键词语的理解能力，需根据关键词进行直接推理，找出答案。
【详细解答】从短文中可知，无论太阳还是月亮对潮水都有拉力，只不过太阳的拉力是月亮拉力的一半。如果两者的拉力相同，那么潮水就会sometimes be higher than they are now. | 
