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TEST 7
Years before President Bill Clinton came to Washington with his campaign pledge to spend an additional $20, 000 million annually on America’s infrastructure “to develop the world’s best communication, transportation, and environmental systems,” economists and others were talking about the need to spend more on public works. Their debate has been almost entirely about one question: how much more? Usually overlooked in these discussions is the real infrastructure dilemma of the 21st century—not how much to spend but how to decide what to build and where to build it.
For several reasons, the old ways of deciding these matters simply do not work anymore. Americans today are far more skeptical about the value of new roads, bridges, and sewagetreatment plants especially when they are located in their own backyards. Their faith that decisions about public works can be safely left in the hands of public officials, engineers, and other technical experts are gone.
Reflecting in 1985 upon the final demise of Westway, the proposed highway along Manhattan’s West Side that had been held up for 30 years, Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan of New York wrote, “there is a kind of stasis that is beginning to settle into our public life. We cannot reach decisions. Central Park could not conceivably be built today as it was when there was enough power in (government) to make the decision. We don’t have that capacity. ”
The persistence of the public works pork barrel— funding blatantly political projects—has also contributed to public skepticism. In the same year that Moynihan decried the death of Westway, local politicians celebrated the opening of
the $1, 800 million TennesseeTombigbee Waterway, recently described by the Atlanta Journal Constitution as “a broken promise. ” A classic pork barrel project, the waterway carries only onetenth the commercial barge traffic that had been projected.
Questions:
1. Economists’ debate has been neglected the question of _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. In the past, public works was decided by ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Of today’s public works, the Amercians suspect ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
4. It is suggested that Westway and Tennessee—Tombigbee are located in
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
5. Why was Tennessee—Tombigbee waterway called “a broken promise?”
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
答案部分
短文大意
文本从比尔·克林顿的竞选誓言出发，提出了美国在公共建设方面的难题：如何决定要建造什么及在哪里建造的问题。作者就这一个问题，详细分析了美国公共建设的现状，人们对新建设施的作用持怀疑态度，对依靠对某些公共设施投资而进行的政治投资，也同样持否定态度。
1. 【参考答案】how to decide what and where to build
【解题技巧】 “顺藤摸瓜”，从相关问题出发是本题的关键。
【详细解答】 问题问的是经济学家在讨论公共建设时，忽略了什么问题。文中第一段有这样一句：Their debate has been almost entirely about one question:how much more?他们的讨论几乎完全围绕一个问题：即增加多少资金?这是一句与问题相关的话，接着往下看：可是，这些讨论都常常忽视了二十一世纪基础设施建设的真正难题，即不是要投多少，而是要建造什么以及在哪里建造的问题。那么，利用原文：how to decide what to
build and where to build,即是答案。
2. 【参考答案】public officials,engineers and other technical experts.
【解题技巧】 通过“现在”去寻找“过去”是确定答案的一种方法。
【详细解答】 这个问题，我们在文中直接找不出来。但可以通过已知的内容去推测，第二段有这样一句：Their faith that decisions about public works can be safely left in the hands of public officials,engineers,and other technical experts is gone.(他们那种将有关公共设施的决定权交给公务员、工程师及其它专家的信任早已不
存在了)。由这句话可以推测得出答案。
3. 【参考答案】the value and pork barrel
【解题技巧】 利用上下文，概括总结。
【详细解答】 本题具有一定的难度，因为答案散落在文中第二、三段中，需要我们自己概括。第二段指出：Americans today are far more skeptical about the value of new roads,and……第三段第一句话又指出：The persistence of the public works pork barrel—funding blatanly political projects—has also contributed to public skepticism.这句话中，also对另一个怀疑的呼应，将这两句话进行概括，总结，得知人们主要担心两件事：①the value ②pork barrel
4. 【参考答案】Atlanta
【解题技巧】 利用已知的去推测未知的事物。
【详细解答】 问题问西路与田纳西——汤比格引水渠工程在什么地方。在第三段中得知，Westway和Tennnessee—Tombigbee Waterway同属于一个地方，而Atlanta Jurnal Consitution这个地方报纸又对Tennessee—Tombigbee大作评价，据此，我们可推测出：这两个工程同属于Atlanta.
5. 【参考答案】Because it carries little that had been projected
【解题技巧】 由“结果”寻找“原因”是本题的技巧。
【详细解答】 本题问的“原因”。问题的“结果”在第三段很容易找出…recently described by the Atlanta Journal Constitution as“a broken promise”继续向下看，即可发现原因The waterway Carries only onetenth the commercial barge traffic that had been projected.那么，为了 使答案简短，特地用“little”一词，来代替“one
tenth the commercial barge traffic”
改错部分
Amongst women, it is not individual status that
matters so much like being liked by their friends. 1. ___
Women don’t feel comfortable blow their own trumpets, 2. ___
because it would rock boat of a friendship based 3. ___
on equality. In fact, when talking to other women,
women intend to emphasize their failings rather than 4. ___
their successes. Failures seen as more “human”, and 5. ___
they bring female friends closer in laughter,
commiseration and sympathy.
So in conversation and relationships, women
and men start to different viewpoints. The overall aim 6. ___
of women is to reach a consensus by discussion, so 7. ___
the main aim of men is to make a pragmatic decision
swiftly. The approach women adopt seem annoyingly 8. ___
indirect and ineffectual to men; the approach men
adopt sometimes appears necessarily aggressive and 9. ___
unfeeling to women.
Understanding these inborn differences between
men and women are very important in understanding 10. ___
your partner.
答案部分
1.【参考答案】将like being liked by their friends改为as being liked by
their friends。
【参考译文】 而在女人之间，个人地位则没有为朋友所喜欢显得重要。
【试题分析】 本题属于同义词混淆误用的问题。
【详细解答】 like和as都有“像……一样”的意思，但like为介词，后面往往接名词，如：He cried like a baby when they told him the news. (他们告诉他这消息时，他像孩子一样哭了。)；as则为连词，后面可接名词，分词短语和句子，而且as多含有比较之意。如：She doesn’t run as fast as she used to.(她跑得不如以前那样快)。文中也含有比较的意义，把status和liked by friends一起比较，因此，此处应用as而不能用like。
2.【参考答案】将blow改为blowing。
【参考译文】 女人自吹自擂会感到很不自在。
【试题分析】 此题属于没有正确使用现在分词的问题。
【详细解答】 Women don’t feel comfortable已经是一个很完整的句子结构。feel是不及物动词，而blow their own trumpets在句子只能做谓语成分，因此须把blow改为blowing，使之成为现在分词作状语。说明妇女感到不自在的原因。应该注意到此处feel的用法不同于和feel+宾语+动词原形的用法。
3.【参考答案】将rock boat of a friendship改为rock the boat of a friend
ship。
【参考译文】 因为那样会动摇相互平等的友谊之船。
【试题分析】 本题属于没有正确应用冠词的错误。
【详细解答】 此处，boat后面有定语修饰，是特指的，应加定冠词the。
4.【参考答案】将intend to emphasize改为tend to emphasize。
【参考译文】 事实上，女人对女人谈话时更会强调各自的失意而非如何成功。
【试题分析】 本题属形近词混淆误用的问题。
【详细解答】 intend to do sth.表示计划，打算干什么事，如：She intended to catch
the early train, but she didn’t get up in time.她本打算赶早班的火车，可是早上赶晚了。tend to表示有……的习惯，倾向于。如：Janet tends to get very angry if you disagree with her.你如果不顺着珍特，她往往容易大发脾气。It tends to rain here a lot in spring.这里的春天往往雨水很多。根据对文章的理解，题中应是“倾向于”之意，所以intend要改为tend.
5.【参考答案】将Failures seen as改为Failures are seen as。
【参考译文】 失败看上去更有“人情味”，它们让女性朋友在欢笑，同情与怜惜中更加
亲密起来。
【试题分析】 本题是分词与被动语态的混淆。
【详细解答】 乍看上去，Failures seen as more“human”好象是带有逻辑主语的过去分词短语，仔细观察后，可发现后面的句子带有连词and，由此可判定此句是and连结的表示并列关系的并列句，所以应加助动词“are”，使它成为一个结构完整的被动语态的分句。
6.【参考答案】将start to different viewpoints改为start from different
viewpoints。
【参考译文】 由此看来，女人和男人有着不同的出发点。
【试题分析】 本题属于介词误用的问题。
【详细解答】 start to 意为开始，后面接动词，如：I started to learn/learning Fr
ench when I was ten.而different viewpoints为名词，所以不能用介词to，此处表示“从
……开始”，应用介词from,如：All our machinery was lost in the fire so we had to
start from scratch.我们的全部机器都被大火烧毁了，所以我们不得不从头开始。
7.【参考答案】将so the main aim改为but the main aim或while the main aim。
【参考译文】 女人总的目的是通过商讨达到共识；而男人的主要目的是迅速做出实际决
定。
【试题分析】 本题属于表示不同关系的连词误用的问题。
【详细解答】 连词so是表示因果，递进关系。如：It was dark, so I wouldn’t see wh
at was happening.天很暗，所以我看不见当时发生了什么事。but和while是表示转折和对比关系的连词，如：It wasn’t cheap, but it’s very good.虽然它并不便宜，但质量很好。Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none.他们国家盛产石油，我们国家却一点也没有。分析前面两分句的意思，文中句子间应是转折，对比的关系，所以so 改为but或while。
8.【参考答案】将seem改为seems。
【参考译文】 女人采取的方式在男人看来可能是烦人的，拐弯抹角和没有成效的。
【试题分析】 本题属于主谓一致的问题。
【详细解答】 乍看之下，seem的主语好像是women，其实，真正的主语是the approach，
women adopt作the approach的定语，所以根据主谓一致的原则，应使用第三人称单数的谓语动词。
9.【参考答案】将necessarily改为unnecessarily。
【参考译文】 而男人采取的方式有时在女人看来是不必要的咄咄逼人和冷酷无情的。
【试题分析】 本题属于没有理解文章意思，没有弄清否定与肯定。
【详细解答】 根据上下文的意思，以及后面出现的unfeeling表示否定意义，可以判断前一部分也是表示否定，所以应改为unnecessarily aggressive表示“没有必要的咄咄逼人”。
10.【参考答案】将are very important改为is very important。
【参考译文】 理解男人与女人这些与生俱来的不同，对于理解你的同伴是非常重要的。
【试题分析】 本题属于主谓一致的问题。
【详细解答】 此句中的主语既不是man and woman也不是differences，而是undertanding these inborn differences between man and woman这个动名词短语，所以为谓语动词应
用单数形式的而不用are。
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