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Test 2
Personality is to a large extent inherent—Atype parents usually bring about
Atype offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since
if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major fact
or in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by
its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the w
in at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or a
gainst the clock produces a twolayer system, in which competitive A types seem
in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on
those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time
might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring
professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.
Questions:
1. Beside inherence, personality is also deeply effected by _________________________________________________________________
2. Person who has A characteristics is __________________________________________________________________
3. What was disagreed to in schools by the author?
__________________________________________________________________
4. Why is top management of school to fit a child’s personality?
________________________________________________________________
5. According to the 5th Para., B’s characteristic is suggested to be _______________________________________________________________________.
答案部分
短文大意
这篇文章主要谈论的是人的性格的培养。作者指出，个性虽然在很大程度上是与生俱来的，但环境的作用也很重要。作者指出，因为学校崇尚“不惜一切代价取胜”的道德标准，而
使学校成为培养A型性格的主要场所。作者批评了这种以考试作竞争的手段，因为这并不
是学校的最高的办学宗旨。
1.【参考答案】 environment
【答题技巧】 “顺藤摸瓜”，沿着与题相关的内容深入下去。
【详细解答】 问题是“除了遗传，性格还深受什么的影响”。文中第一段的第一句话讲得明白：Personality is to a large extent inherent.(个性在很大程度上是与生俱来的)，这是一个与题相关的句子，沿着这个句子继续走，可以得到“But the environment must also have a profound effect,“profound”意思是“deep”，也就是说，环境对人的性格也有很深的影响。因此，答案不得而知。
2.【参考答案】 keen to win / competitive
【答题技巧】 综合考虑，归纳总结是本题的方法。
【详细解答】 这个问题问的是A型人的性格。这样一个问题，在原文中想一下子的找出答案是不容易的。必须先总的考虑一下第二段的文字。第二段有三个地方涉及到这个问题：one place where children soak up A characteristics is school……(孩子形成A型性格的一个地方是学校，学校就其本质而言是高度竞争的场所)；in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows(富有竟争性的A型人看来就比B型人强。)；Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences;(学生过分热衷于获胜可能要产生危险的后果)。这样，经过综合考虑后，得出competitive与be keen to win.
3.【参考答案】 the disproportionate emphasis on examinations
【答题技巧】 由“肯定”走向“否定”的解决本题的捷径。
【详细解答】 本题问的是作者否定的是学校里的什么。只要理解了第三段的第一句话，
问题就可以解决。By far the worst form of competition in schools is disproportion
ate emphasis on examinations.学校里最最糟糕的竞争方式是不恰当地强调考试。根据这句话可知，disproportionate emphasis on examinations 恰恰是作者所否定的东西。
4.【参考答案】 The world needs types
【答题技巧】 根据“结果”推向“原因”是解决本题的出路。
【详细解答】 本题问为什么学校的宗旨应当是培养的孩子的性格。这是个典型的因果关
系的句子。根据已知的果(第四段未尾)It’s top management,一步一步往前推，我们发现了：The world needs(世界上需要各种类型的人)，与top management实际存在着一种逻辑上的因果关系。因此，答案为：The world needs types.
5.【参考答案】 sensitive and sympathetic
【答题技巧】 利用已知的信息进行推理并利用原文得出结论。
【详细解答】 问题是 ，根据第5段可知，B型人的性格是什么。第五段中有这样一个例子，“Perhaps selection for caring professions,especially medicine,could be made
less by good grades in Chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity
and sympathy.”(也许在挑选护理人员，尤其是医务人员时，不要太看重化学考分，而应
多考虑对人的敏感性和同情心。)“sensitivity and sympathy”一词，应引起注意，因为这是与A型性格(前面已知)不同的。那么，继续看，It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged。
看到儿，我们几乎可以肯定，sensitivity与sympathy是属于B型的了。但为了与问题相合，应该把名词改为形容词即可。
改错部分
TELEVISION NETWORK.
One of thethree major commercial networks, CBS were organized 1. ____
in l928 which its founder, William Paley, acquired 2. ____
ownership of a group of radio stations. As the
Columbia Broadcasting System expanded its operations,
soon become the largest radio network in the 3. ____
United States, it precociously recognized the potential
for the rapidly evoved television broadcasting 4. ____
technology. On July 13th, 1931, 〓it began experimentally 5. ____
television broadcasting in New York, and ten years late
r began regular blackandwhite week broadcasts over 6. ____
its WCBWTV station in the same city, that became 7. ____
WCBSTV in November 1946. With Television City
in Hollywood, CBS launched the industry’s first full
scale production studio.
Today CBS owns television stations, radio stations,
and homevideo production and distribution interests.
The CBS \ Broadcasting Group composed of six 8. ____
divisions ： television network, entertainment, sports,
news, local television stations, and radio.
For most of commercial television history, CBS
has been the leader in primetime ratings, having the
highestrated shows in almost every year from the
mid1950s through the mid1980s. During the late
1980s, however, CBS lost its top position from NBC. 9. ____
CBS has traditionally been strong in the TV
news area. The network began the first regular TV news
program in l948 with Douglas Edwards as anchor,
Journalism legends such as Edward R. Murrow and
Walter Cronkite gave CBS its reputation as quality 10. ____
news broadcaster.
答案部分
1.【参考答案】将were改为was。
【参考译文】 作为美国三大商业广播电视网之一，哥伦比亚广播公司成立于1928年。
【试题分析】 本题辨析谓语动词单复数的误用。
【详细解答】 本句的主语为CBS (哥伦比亚广播公司)，而不是networks。因此，将were
organized改为 was organized。
2.【参考答案】将which改为when/in which。
【参考译文】 那年，它的创始人威廉·佩利获得了数家广播电台的所有权。
【试题分析】 本题辨析定语从句引导词的误用。
【详细解答】 作“年代”的定语从句，其引导词可以是that,which,in which或when。这
须判
断定语从句缺少什么成分，its founder William Paley, acquired ownership of a group
of radio stations中，缺少时间状语，故引导词应为when或in which。
3.【参考答案】将become改为becoming。
【参考译文】 随着哥伦比亚广播公司业务范围的拓展，它很快成了美国的最大广播网。
【试题分析】 本题辨析谓语动词与分词状语的误用。故意将分词短语设计错误，这是六级考试辨错题的一个常考类型。
【详细解答】 As the Columbia Broadcasting System expanded its operations,是
一个由as引导伴随状语，与soon become the largest radio network in the United Stat
es之间有一种逻辑上的因果关系，而不是并列关系，而且soon become…在句法上也与并列
句子不合。(由and连结)，因此，用become是不合适的，由于become的逻辑主语是the Colum
bia Broadcasting Sytem，因而将become变为becoming，使这个句子成为结果状语后，就使整个句子符合逻辑连贯性了。
4.【参考答案】将evolved改为evolving。
【参考译文】 它一开始就认识到了未来广播电视技术迅猛发展的趋势。
【试题分析】 本题辨析作前置定语时分词的误用。
【详细解答】 作前置定语时，现在分词表示“正在或将要发生”，过去分词表示“已经
成为过去”。根据句意，发展趋势是未来的，因此，evolved是不合适的。要将evolved改为evolving。
5.【参考答案】将experimentally改为experimental。
【参考译文】 1931年7月13日，它开始在纽约试播电视节目。
【试题分析】 本题辨析形容词，副词的误用。
【详细解答】 副词作状语时，通常在实义动词之前，助动词之后。那么，experimentally放在began之后，是不合适的，那么，experimentally 应修饰television broadcasting。
但修饰名词应用形容词experimental，而不是experimentally。
6.【参考答案】将week改为weekly。
【参考译文】 10年后，开始在纽约通过其WCBWTV电视台每周播放一定的黑白电视节目。
【试题分析】 本题辨析定语的误用。
【详细解答】 名词也可以作定语，但一定要符合句意。week意为“周，星期”，与broad
cast的搭配，没有什么合乎逻辑的含义，若将之换为weekly，“每周播放”则合乎句意。
7.【参考答案】将that改为which。
【参考译文】 1946年11月，WCBWTV电视台改为WCBSTV。
【试题分析】 本题辨析非限定性定语从句的误用。
【详细解答】 从逻辑意义上讲，that became WCBWTV in Novermber 1946是非限定性定语从句，that代替WCBWTV。但非限定性定语从句的引导词，只能用which。
8.【参考答案】将composed改为is composed。
【参考译文】 该广播电视集团有六大组成部分：电视网、娱乐、体育、新闻、地方电视台以及广播电台。
【试题分析】 本题辨析动词语态的误用。
【详细解答】 “在表示由……组成”时，一般用be composed of。
9.【参考答案】将from改为to。
【参考译文】 然而，到了80年代末，哥伦比亚广播公司失去了其领先地位，由全国广播公司取而代之。
【试题分析】 本题辨析介词的误用。
【详细解答】 from，表示“从……来”。本句因from的误用，使句子失去了逻辑意义，
则将from改为to，就表示了“将位置丢给了NBC”，to表示的意义刚好和from相反。
10.【参考答案】将quality前加一个“a”。
【参考译文】 新闻界的传奇人们爱德华·默罗和沃尔特·克朗凯特给哥伦比亚广播公司带来了盛誉，使其被称为信得过的新闻广播电视台。
【试题分析】 本题辨析不定冠词的漏用。
【详细解答】 quality news broadcaster 的中心词是broadcaster(广播电视台)，是可
数名词的单数形式，所以，应在quality前加上不定冠词a。
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