为什么海归去上海最多，北京深圳次之----三个城市的详细比较分析

Location is one of the major considerations when considering starting your own venture in China. Among the three well-developed economic area in China, Yangtze River Delta (Shanghai) and Pearl River Delta (Shenzhen and Guangzhou) are the better choice than Bohai Bay Area (Beijing and Tianjing) for purchasing and supply chain consideration. Shanghai is strong in such industries as steel, textile, and automobile; Shenzhen is strong in home appliances and computer electronics; and Beijing in the home of innovative hi-tech start-ups and enter for distribution channel in the northern China.

Hi-tech companies in Beijing are more technology orientated, those in Shenzhen are more market orientated, and those in Shanghai are mix of both. There are more original technology found in Beijing and Shanghai because there are more science and technology research centers and top ranking universities in the two cities, but Shenzhen remained competency for its attractive business environment and corporate investment to the commercialization of the new technology. Historically speaking, Shenzhen has less burden of large state owned unprofitable companies, while Shanghai and Beijing are having the difficulty of improving the efficiency of the old SOEs.

Funding for beta testing has been a big barrier for the commercialization of Chinese new technology. Unlike that of Beijing and Shanghai, where there are many science/technology research institute used to be funded by the government, 90% of the science/technology research centers in Shenzhen are affiliated with enterprises. R&D investment in Shenzhen are more in the later stage while it is more in the early stage in Beijing. This can explain why the commercialization of new technology is more successful in Shenzhen than in other big cities.

Culture wise speaking, with the influence of Hong Kong and because there are many successful entrepreneurs who created the miracle of the city, Shenzhen is the city most suitable for venture capital to develop. Because there are so many renowned universities and national research institutes, Beijing is the city where you can find some top notched technology. Shanghai is the city most westernized in China, and the business style of Shanhainese people is closer to the Western practice comparing to the other two cities. It is less likely that a Shanghai company will cheat the investor, but a Beijing company will blow a big bubble.

The strength of Beijing and surrounding area were formed due to the concentration of resources to the capital city. Investor may find more start-up hi-tech companies in Beijing. On the contrary, people in Shanghai tend to find an existing company as the vehicle to commercialize a new technology. Beijing is rich in well-educated personnel. It is easy to find smart engineers in Beijing but they are also expensive and frequent job switchers. People also complain that the efficiency of local Beijing government and local Beijing enterprises are low comparing to that of Shanghai and Shenzhen. It is easier to find suppliers or strategic alliance around Shanghai area.

International manufacturing companies like Shanghai and the surrounding areas very much for consideration of cost reduction and quality assurance. International investors also find that professionals in Shanghai switching jobs less frequently than people in Beijing and Shenzhen. Shenzhen is very attractive to professionals and those people with advanced technology. Funding is easier in Shenzhen because high resident saving amount and rich of public listed companies. There is a well-established supply chain for IT/electronic industry around Shenzhen, and Shenzhen is becoming a center for IT manufacturing in the world. In contrast to a powerful local government in Beijing and Shanghai, the resource allocation in Shenzhen is more market orientated.

Urban development has been a well-established strength for Shanghai and surrounding area, the Yangtse River Delta. The financial industry and manufacturing industry in the area should grow with the fastest pace compare to other two major cities. The problem is the cooperation between the cities in the area is far from efficient, and competition for scared resources by the local enterprises doing the same business is intensified. The scattered small-scale township enterprises brought the problem of pollution of ecological water system.

Shenzhen has been benefited from open policy and its convenience to access the financial and trading resources from Hong Kong and Macao. The further economy unification of the Pearl River Delta area will bring more competitive advantages for the area development. The difficulty lays in the less developed surrounding area out site Pearl River Delta and less higher education and research institutes compare to the other two cities.

双头龟